{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T15:12:45Z","timestamp":1788793965468,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]],"date-time":"2026-01-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767744000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Schistosoma japonicum infection can cause severe hepatic complications associated with portal hypertension, which may lead to death by bleeding from esophageal varices. Ultrasonography (US) enables the identification of two different types of liver fibrosis characteristic for S. japonicum infection: interseptal fibrosis (ISF) and portal fibrosis (PF). To date, these two forms of liver fibrosis have not been sufficiently investigated with regard to their potential to cause portal hypertension. Among the 121 reports published, only 56 (46.3%) distinguish between ISF and PF. In 31\/56 (55.4%) of these publications, patients with only ISF, two (3.6%) with only PF, as well as 23 (41.1%) with concomitant ISF and PF, are reported. US signs of portal hypertension are reported in 10\/25 (40.0%) of publications reporting PF, of which 2\/2 (100%) of publications report PF alone and 8\/23 (34.8%) of publications report concurrent PF and ISF. Also, 2\/31 (6.5%) of publications report that ISF alone is associated with portal hypertension. Thus, PF appears to be the main risk factor for portal hypertension. Future studies need to assess the exact nature of liver fibrosis caused by S. japonicum in a standardized way to clarify the individual contributions of PF and ISF to morbidity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/trstmh\/traf134","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,28]],"date-time":"2025-11-28T13:03:48Z","timestamp":1764335028000},"page":"313-321","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["<i>Schistosoma japonicum<\/i>\n                    infection: clinical significance of ultrasound findings"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"120","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1930-2944","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joachim","family":"Richter","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of International Health, Global Health Centre of Charit\u00e9, Charit\u00e9 University Medicine , D 13353 Berlin ,","place":["Germany"]},{"name":"Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute 4123 Allschwil ,","place":["Switzerland"]},{"name":"University of Basel , 4051 Basel ,","place":["Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hannah Wei","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for International Health Research, Rhode Island Hospital , Providence, RI 02903 ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University Department of Pediatrics, , Providence, RI 02903 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"An","family":"Ning","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangxi Institute of Parasitic Diseases Prevention and Treatment , Nanchang 330096 Jiangxi ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mario A","family":"Jiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute of Tropical Medicine, Filinvest Corporate City Alabang Department of Immunology, , Muntinlupa City 1781 \u00a0","place":["Philippines"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ralph","family":"Aniceto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute of Tropical Medicine, Filinvest Corporate City Alabang Department of Immunology, , Muntinlupa City 1781 \u00a0","place":["Philippines"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Friedman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for International Health Research, Rhode Island Hospital , Providence, RI 02903 ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University Department of Pediatrics, , Providence, RI 02903 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Neumayr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute 4123 Allschwil ,","place":["Switzerland"]},{"name":"University of Basel , 4051 Basel ,","place":["Switzerland"]},{"name":"College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University Department of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, , Townsville OLD 4811 Queensland ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christoph","family":"Hatz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute 4123 Allschwil ,","place":["Switzerland"]},{"name":"University of Basel , 4051 Basel ,","place":["Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026040114042716100_bib1","first-page":"706","article-title":"Schistosomiasis","volume-title":"Manson\u2019s Tropical Medicine","author":"Bustinduy","year":"2024","edition":"24th ed."},{"key":"2026040114042716100_bib2","volume-title":"Meeting on the use of ultrasound for assessment of pathology due to schistosomiasis, October 1-4, 1990","author":"Cairo Working Group","year":"1991"},{"key":"2026040114042716100_bib3","first-page":"45","article-title":"The use of diagnostic ultrasound in schistosomiasis\u2014attempts at standardization of methodology","volume-title":"Special Issue: Ultrasound in schistosomiasis","author":"Jenkins","year":"1992"},{"key":"2026040114042716100_bib4","volume-title":"Ultrasound in schistosomiasis: A practical guide to the standardized use of ultrasonography for the assessment of schistosomiasis-related morbidity. World Health Organization","author":"Niamey Working Group","year":"2000"},{"key":"2026040114042716100_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/S0001-706X(00)00125-X","article-title":"Evolution of schistosomiasis-induced pathology after therapy and interruption of exposure to schistosomes: a review of ultrasonographic studies","volume":"77","author":"Richter","year":"2000","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"issue":"suppl","key":"2026040114042716100_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02762001000900023","article-title":"Report of the Second Satellite Symposium on Ultrasound in Schistosomiasis","volume":"96","author":"Richter","year":"2001","journal-title":"Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz"},{"key":"2026040114042716100_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1992.46.89","article-title":"Ultrasonographic and serologic abnormalities in Schistosoma japonicum infection in Leyte, the Philippines","volume":"46","author":"Ohmae","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"2026040114042716100_bib8","first-page":"797","article-title":"Changes of ultrasonography and two serum biochemical indices for hepatic fibrosis in schistosomiasis japonica patients one year after praziquantel treatment","volume":"110","author":"Cai","year":"1997","journal-title":"Chin Med J"},{"key":"2026040114042716100_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-308X(01)48007-9","article-title":"The use of ultrasound in schistosomiasis","volume":"48","author":"Hatz","year":"2001","journal-title":"Adv Parasitol"},{"key":"2026040114042716100_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/S0001-706X(03)00032-9","article-title":"The impact of chemotherapy on morbidity due to schistosomiasis","volume":"86","author":"Richter","year":"2003","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"key":"2026040114042716100_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1016\/S1383-5769(03)00055-2","article-title":"Imaging diagnosis of schistosomiasis japonica\u2013the use in Japan and application for field study in the present endemic area","volume":"52","author":"Ohmae","year":"2003","journal-title":"Parasitol Int"},{"key":"2026040114042716100_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2007.04.007","article-title":"Liver morbidity due to Schistosoma mekongi in Cambodia after seven rounds of mass drug administration","volume":"101","author":"Keang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"2026040114042716100_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105324","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2019.105324","article-title":"Morbidity associated with Schistosoma mekongi and concurrent helminth infection in Lao People\u2019s Democratic Republic","volume":"204","author":"Sayasone","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"key":"2026040114042716100_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1002\/path.1700090211","article-title":"Note on a new form of liver cirrhosis due to the presence of the ova of Bilharzia haematobia","volume":"9","author":"Symmers WSC","year":"1904","journal-title":"J Path Bct"},{"key":"2026040114042716100_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2004.05.009","article-title":"Distinguishing periportal fibrosis from portal fibrosis in hepatic schistosomiasis","volume":"20","author":"Bindseil","year":"2004","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol"},{"key":"2026040114042716100_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.157.3.3933049","article-title":"Hepatic schistosomiasis japonica identified by CT","volume":"157","author":"Araki","year":"1985","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"2026040114042716100_bib17","first-page":"458","article-title":"Image diagnosis of schistosomiasis japonica. Comparison of ultrasonogram with CT image","volume":"49","author":"Murakami","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Kurume Med Assoc"},{"key":"2026040114042716100_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.161.2.8333370","article-title":"Schistosomiasis japonica of the liver: contrast-enhanced CT findings in 113 patients","volume":"161","author":"Monzawa","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"2026040114042716100_bib19","article-title":"Evaluated study of Ultrasonography and computed tomography in Schistosomiasis Japonica","volume":"211","author":"Uto","year":"1984","journal-title":"2nd APASL Scientific Meeting"},{"key":"2026040114042716100_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.2739\/kurumemedj.32.301","article-title":"Ultrasonic and X-ray tomographic findings of schistosomiasis japonicum","volume":"32","author":"Nagata","year":"1985","journal-title":"Kurume Med J"},{"key":"2026040114042716100_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/0001-706X(92)90018-S","article-title":"A review of the literature on the use of ultrasonography in schistosomiasis with special reference to its use in field studies. 3. Schistosoma japonicum","volume":"51","author":"Hatz","year":"1992","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"key":"2026040114042716100_bib22","volume-title":"Chinese Schistosoiasis Control Manual","author":"Disease Control Department of Chinese Ministry of Health","year":"2000","edition":"3rd ed."},{"key":"2026040114042716100_bib23","volume-title":"Chinese diagnostic criteria for schistosomiasis (WS 261-2006)","author":"Ministry of Health of the People\u2019s Republic of China","year":"2006"},{"key":"2026040114042716100_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.7326\/M18-0850","article-title":"PRISMA extension for scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR): checklist and explanation","volume":"169","author":"Tricco","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"2026040114042716100_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"n71","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71","article-title":"The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews","volume":"372","author":"Page","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2026040114042716100_bib26","first-page":"44","article-title":"Schistosomiasis: two cases with unusual presentation","volume":"73","author":"Buddhavarapu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Polish J Radiology"},{"key":"2026040114042716100_bib27","first-page":"xi","article-title":"Radiology corner. Answer to last month\u2019s radiology case and images: Schistosomiasis japonicum involving the liver and colon","volume":"172","author":"Ly","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mil Med"},{"key":"2026040114042716100_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"A24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2008.02.066","article-title":"Hepatic ultrasound appearance and colonoscopic finding of schistosomiasis japonica","volume":"6","author":"Horiuchi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"2026040114042716100_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1443-1661.2010.00935.x","article-title":"Schistosomiasis japonica identified by laparoscopic and colonoscopic examination","volume":"22","author":"Hosho","year":"2010","journal-title":"Dig Endosc"},{"key":"2026040114042716100_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2017.06.031","article-title":"Radial Endoscopic ultrasound for the diagnosis of chronic schistosomiasis in the colorectum","volume":"15","author":"Zhou","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"2026040114042716100_bib31","first-page":"1065","article-title":"Eosinophilic appendicitis caused by Schistosoma japonicum: a case report and review of the literature","volume":"41","author":"Kanoksil","year":"2010","journal-title":"Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health"},{"key":"2026040114042716100_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1007\/s11604-019-00905-4","article-title":"Analysis of CT characteristics in the diagnosis of Schistosoma japonicum associated appendicitis with clinical and pathological correlation: a diagnostic accuracy study","volume":"38","author":"Valluru","year":"2020","journal-title":"Jpn J Radiol"},{"key":"2026040114042716100_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1743","DOI":"10.1007\/s00384-015-2156-3","article-title":"Schistosomal appendicitis with portal hypertension","volume":"30","author":"Wijaya","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Colorectal Dis"},{"key":"2026040114042716100_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2862","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v21.i9.2862","article-title":"Perforation of small bowel caused by Schistosoma japonicum: a case report","volume":"21","author":"Xiang","year":"2015","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2026040114042716100_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1989.41.63","article-title":"Sonomorphological abnormalities in Sudanese children with Schistosoma mansoni infection: a proposed staging-system for field diagnosis of periportal fibrosis","volume":"41","author":"Doehring-Schwerdtfeger","year":"1989","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"2026040114042716100_bib36","first-page":"65","article-title":"Advances and evaluation of detection and diagnosis of liver fibrosis","volume":"5","author":"Cai","year":"1989","journal-title":"Chin J Clin Hepatol"},{"key":"2026040114042716100_bib37","first-page":"129","article-title":"Ultrasonography of liver fibrosis due to schistosomiasis japonica\u2014comparison of images and pathological findings","volume":"59","author":"Nayakama","year":"1982","journal-title":"Jpn J Clin Exp Med"},{"key":"2026040114042716100_bib38","first-page":"209","article-title":"Ultrasonography of the liver in Schistosomiasis Japonica","volume":"38","author":"Nayakama","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Med Ultrasonics"},{"key":"2026040114042716100_bib39","first-page":"307","article-title":"Influence factors of Schistosoma japonicum infection among fishermen in eastern Dongting Lake Region","volume":"31","author":"Yu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Zhongguo Ji Sheng Chong Xue Yu Ji Sheng Chong Bing Za Zhi"},{"key":"2026040114042716100_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0009116","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0009116","article-title":"Severe hepatobiliary morbidity is associated with Clonorchis sinensis infection: the evidence from a cross-sectional community study","volume":"15","author":"Qian","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"2026040114042716100_bib41","first-page":"12","article-title":"Study on the diagnostic value of ultrasonography for hepatic lesions due to Schistosomiasis japonica","volume":"3","author":"Zheng","year":"1989","journal-title":"Zhejiang J Parasit Dis"},{"key":"2026040114042716100_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"954","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1999.60.954","article-title":"Hepatosplenic morbidity in schistosomiasis japonica: evaluation with Doppler sonography","volume":"60","author":"Kardorff","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"2026040114042716100_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2003.68.18","article-title":"Duplex Doppler ultrasound of hepatic Schistosomiasis japonica: a study of 47 patients","volume":"68","author":"Chou","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"2026040114042716100_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parint.2018.01.004","article-title":"Evaluation of transient elastography in assessing liver fibrosis in patients with advanced Schistosomiasis japonica","volume":"67","author":"Wu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Parasitol Int"},{"key":"2026040114042716100_bib45","first-page":"163","article-title":"[Comparison between transient elastography and noninvasive diagnostic model for the evaluation of liver fibrosis in patients with liver disease of schistosoma japonicum]","volume":"28","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi"},{"key":"2026040114042716100_bib46","first-page":"566","article-title":"Hepatosplenic schistosomiasis: an uncommon cause of liver disease in developed countries","volume":"116","author":"Yag\u00fce Parada","year":"2024","journal-title":"Rev Esp Enferm Dig"},{"key":"2026040114042716100_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1186\/1752-1947-8-45","article-title":"Schistosomiasis japonicum diagnosed on liver biopsy in a patient with hepatitis B co-infection: a case report","volume":"8","author":"Parris","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Med Case Rep"},{"key":"2026040114042716100_bib48","first-page":"22","article-title":"Ultrasonographic diagnosis of hepatic lesions in 50 advanced patients with schistosomiasis japonica","volume":"9","author":"Cai","year":"1987","journal-title":"Zheijiang Med J"},{"key":"2026040114042716100_bib49","first-page":"227.","article-title":"Characteristics of liver ultrasound in patients with chronic schistosomiasis japonicum","volume":"11","author":"Li","year":"1993","journal-title":"Chin J Parasitol Parasit Dis"},{"key":"2026040114042716100_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(93)90133-B","article-title":"Schistosomiasis japonica on Jishan Island, Jiangxi Province, People\u2019s Republic of China: persistence of hepatic fibrosis after reduction of the prevalence of infection with age","volume":"87","author":"Wiest","year":"1993","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"2026040114042716100_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e966","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000966","article-title":"Quantifying quality of life and disability of patients with advanced Schistosomiasis japonica","volume":"5","author":"Jia","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"2026040114042716100_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/S0001-706X(02)00015-3","article-title":"Study on histopathology, ultrasonography and some special serum enzymes and collagens for 38 advanced patients of schistosomiasis japonica","volume":"82","author":"Guangjin","year":"2002","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"key":"2026040114042716100_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1097\/MAJ.0b013e31828f4bee","article-title":"Hepatosplenic schistosomiasis presenting as spontaneous hemoperitoneum in a Filipino immigrant","volume":"346","author":"Okamoto","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Med Sci"},{"key":"2026040114042716100_bib54","first-page":"355","article-title":"Venous ultrasound visualization to predict advanced schistosomiasis. Exploration of the Risk of Complicated Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding","volume":"6","author":"Huang","year":"1994","journal-title":"Chin J Schistosomiasis Prevent Cntrl"},{"key":"2026040114042716100_bib55","first-page":"813","article-title":"Determination of the thickness of the wall of portal vein trunk in patients of schistosomiasis japonica with hepatic fibrosis and its clinical significance","volume":"33","author":"Yuan","year":"1994","journal-title":"Zhonghua Nei Ke Za Zhi"},{"key":"2026040114042716100_bib56","first-page":"265","article-title":"Study on the relationship between the degree of periportal fibrosis, hepatic parenchymatous fibrosis and diameter of portal vein in Schistosoma japonicum infection","volume":"24","author":"Fu","year":"2006","journal-title":"Zhongguo Ji Sheng Chong Xue Yu Ji Sheng Chong Bing Za Zhi"},{"key":"2026040114042716100_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1016\/0001-706X(94)90026-4","article-title":"Preliminary ultrasonographical observations of intestinal lesions in a community with heavy Schistosoma mansoni infection in Richard Toll, Senegal","volume":"58","author":"Dittrich","year":"1994","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"issue":"12","key":"2026040114042716100_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0209333","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0209333","article-title":"Ultrasound and intestinal lesions in Schistosoma mansoni infection: a case-control pilot study outside endemic areas","volume":"13","author":"Tamarozzi","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2026040114042716100_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.193.2.7972775","article-title":"Intestinal schistosomiasis japonica: CT-pathologic correlation","volume":"193","author":"Lee","year":"1994","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"2026040114042716100_bib60","first-page":"544","article-title":"The diagnostic value of liver ultrasonic examination in schistosomiasis","volume":"10","author":"Wu","year":"1962","journal-title":"Chin J Int Med"},{"key":"2026040114042716100_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"728","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3156.1998.00285.x","article-title":"Sonographic prediction of variceal bleeding in patients with liver fibrosis due to Schistosoma mansoni","volume":"3","author":"Richter","year":"1998","journal-title":"Trop Med Intern Health"},{"key":"2026040114042716100_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/0001-706X(92)90021-O","article-title":"Liver ultrasound findings in a low prevalence area of S. japonicum in China: comparison with history, physical examination, parasitological and serological results","volume":"51","author":"Mott","year":"1992","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"key":"2026040114042716100_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1086\/430929","article-title":"Nutritional status and serum cytokine profiles in children, adolescents, and young adults with Schistosoma japonicum-associated hepatic fibrosis, in Leyte, Philippines","volume":"192","author":"Coutinho","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026040114042716100_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiu416","article-title":"Can mass drug administration lead to the sustainable control of schistosomiasis?","volume":"211","author":"Ross","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026040114042716100_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1988.38.86","article-title":"Diagnosis of pathologically confirmed Symmers\u2019 periportal fibrosis by ultrasonography: a prospective blinded study","volume":"38","author":"Homeida","year":"1988","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"2026040114042716100_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2015.12.003","article-title":"Coinfection of Schistosoma Species with Hepatitis B or Hepatitis C Viruses","volume":"91","author":"Abruzzi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Adv Parasitol"},{"key":"2026040114042716100_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"774","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3156.1999.00482.x","article-title":"Fascioliasis: sonographic abnormalities of the biliary tract and evolution after treatment with triclabendazole","volume":"4","author":"Richter","year":"1999","journal-title":"Trop Med Intern Health"},{"key":"2026040114042716100_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1513","DOI":"10.1055\/a-0751-3078","article-title":"Never seen before? Opisthorchiasis and Clonorchiasis","volume":"56","author":"Dietrich","year":"2018","journal-title":"Z Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2026040114042716100_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1025","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2023.05.053","article-title":"Prevalence of liver steatosis and fibrosis in the general population and various high-risk populations: a nationwide Study With 5.7 Million Adults in China","volume":"165","author":"Man","year":"2023","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2026040114042716100_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.15288\/jsad.2021.82.28","article-title":"The Impact of unrecorded alcohol use on health: What do we know in 2020?","volume":"82","author":"Lachenmeier","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Stud Alcohol Drugs"},{"key":"2026040114042716100_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"871545","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2022.871545","article-title":"Genome-wide association Study Identifies New Risk Loci for Progression of Schistosomiasis Among the Chinese Population","volume":"12","author":"Zhou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"key":"2026040114042716100_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103138","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parint.2025.103138","article-title":"Ultrasonographic findings in Schistosoma mekongi infection. A minireview","volume":"110","author":"Richter","year":"2026","journal-title":"Parasitol Int"},{"key":"2026040114042716100_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1413","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-005-9020-1","article-title":"Assessment of portal hemodynamics by Doppler ultrasound and of liver morphology in the hepatosplenic and hepatointestinal forms of schistosomiasis mansoni","volume":"51","author":"Vezozzo","year":"2006","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"2026040114042716100_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1093\/trstmh\/trab041","article-title":"Liver stiffness is able to differentiate hepatosplenic Schistosomiasis mansoni from liver cirrhosis and spleen stiffness may be a predictor of variceal bleeding in hepatosplenic schistosomiasis","volume":"116","author":"Silva","year":"2022","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"2026040114042716100_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2917","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-016-5116-0","article-title":"Ultrasonography of gallbladder abnormalities due to schistosomiasis","volume":"115","author":"Richter","year":"2016","journal-title":"Parasitol Res"}],"container-title":["Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/trstmh\/article-pdf\/120\/4\/313\/66288530\/traf134.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/trstmh\/article-pdf\/120\/4\/313\/66288530\/traf134.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T18:15:14Z","timestamp":1775067314000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/trstmh\/article\/120\/4\/313\/8416044"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]]},"references-count":75,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/trstmh\/traf134","relation":{},"ISSN":["0035-9203","1878-3503"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0035-9203","type":"print"},{"value":"1878-3503","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]]}}}