{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T03:28:29Z","timestamp":1777951709580,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,17]],"date-time":"2026-02-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771286400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Fishermen are among the most at-risk goups for Schistosomiasis due to their regular contact with cercarial contaminated water. This study determined the prevalence, intensity and predictors of intestinal schistosomiasis among fishermen in Ilemela Municipality, Tanzania.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted among fishermen in Ilemela Municipality, Tanzania. Participants were conveniently recruited. Background and risk information were collected using a semistructured questionnaire, and Kato-katz technique for stool examination. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify predictors of infection.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among the 388 participants, 26.3% were infected with Schistosoma mansoni. The geometric mean eggs per gram of feces was 37.98 (95% CI 30.98 to 46.57). Of all infected participants, 84 (82.35%) and 18 (17.65%), had light and moderate intensity infections, respectively. Age, education, fishing frequency, toilet at the fishing area, fishing in shallow water and along the lake shore, years of fishing experience and distance to health facility were the significant predictors of infection.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study revealed a moderate prevalence of S. mansoni infection among study participants. This highlights fishermen as an untreated reservoir sustaining transmission, underscoring the need to include this group in control programs to protect this high-risk group and accelerate progress towards schistosomiasis-elimination goals.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/trstmh\/trag009","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]],"date-time":"2026-01-14T12:43:45Z","timestamp":1768394625000},"page":"542-551","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Prevalence, intensity and predictors of intestinal schistosomiasis among fishermen in Ilemela Municipality, Tanzania"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"120","author":[{"given":"Suma Richard","family":"Mwaipopo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Dodoma Department of Public Health, School of Nursing and Public Health, , P.O. Box 259, Dodoma ,","place":["Tanzania"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Mongi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Dodoma Department of Public Health, School of Nursing and Public Health, , P.O. Box 259, Dodoma ,","place":["Tanzania"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8437-7988","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David Z","family":"Munisi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Dodoma Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, , P.O. Box 259, Dodoma ,","place":["Tanzania"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,17]]},"reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"2026050406264682800_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0271569","article-title":"Urogenital schistosomiasis prevalence and diagnostic performance of urine filtration and urinalysis reagent strip in schoolchildren, Ethiopia","volume":"17","author":"Deribew","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2026050406264682800_bib2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Schistosomiasis with a focus on Africa","volume":"6","author":"Aula","year":"2021","journal-title":"Trop Med Infect Dis"},{"issue":"10","key":"2026050406264682800_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0010834","article-title":"Urogenital schistosomiasis among pre-school and school aged children in four districts of north western Tanzania after 15 years of mass drug administration: geographical prevalence, risk factors and performance of haematuria reagent strips","volume":"16","author":"Mazigo","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026050406264682800_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-022-07784-7","article-title":"Effect of Schistosoma haematobium infection on the cognitive functions of preschool age children and benefits of treatment from an endemic area in Zimbabwe","volume":"22","author":"Kasambala","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026050406264682800_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0276395","article-title":"Prevalence of Schistosoma mansoni infection among fishermen in Busega district, Tanzania","volume":"17","author":"Mang\u2019ara","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2026050406264682800_bib6","article-title":"Prevalence and risk factors of urinary schistosomiasis in Kaporo Village, Karonga District, Malawi","author":"Nyondo","year":"2023","journal-title":"medRxiv"},{"key":"2026050406264682800_bib7","first-page":"1","article-title":"Prevalence of intestinal parasites and schistosoma mansoni and associated factors among fishermen at Lake Tana, Northwest Ethiopia","author":"Fentahun","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"key":"2026050406264682800_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/7035025","article-title":"The efficacy of single-dose versus double-dose praziquantel treatments on Schistosoma mansoni infections: its implication on undernutrition and anaemia among primary schoolchildren in two On-Shore communities, Northwestern Tanzania","author":"Munisi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"key":"2026050406264682800_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","article-title":"Examining whether a self-care program reduces healthcare use and improves health among patients with acute heart failure\u2014The guided HF study","author":"Collins","DOI":"10.25302\/04.2021.AD.140921656"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026050406264682800_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1399","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-023-01999-9","article-title":"Prevalence of schistosoma mansoni, soil-transmitted helminths and intestinal protozoa in orphans and street children in Mwanza city, Northern Tanzania","volume":"51","author":"Franz","year":"2023","journal-title":"Infection"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026050406264682800_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-019-4451-z","article-title":"Intestinal schistosomiasis of Ijinga Island, north-western Tanzania: prevalence, intensity of infection, hepatosplenic morbidities and their associated factors","volume":"19","author":"Mueller","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026050406264682800_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.2307\/2091346","article-title":"Sampling organizations and groups of unequal sizes","author":"Kish","year":"1965","journal-title":"Am Sociol Rev"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026050406264682800_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0010190","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0010190","article-title":"Knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding schistosomiasis infection and prevention: A mixed-methods study among endemic communities of western Uganda","volume":"16","author":"Anyolitho","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"12","key":"2026050406264682800_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0167122","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0167122","article-title":"Schistosoma mansoni infections, undernutrition and anaemia among primary schoolchildren in two onshore villages in Rorya District, North-Western Tanzania","volume":"11","author":"Munisi","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2026050406264682800_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1859737","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/1859737","article-title":"Intestinal Schistosomiasis among Primary Schoolchildren in Two On-Shore Communities\nin Rorya District, Northwestern Tanzania: Prevalence, Intensity of Infection and Associated Risk Factors","volume":"2016","author":"Munisi","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Parasitol Res"},{"key":"2026050406264682800_bib16","author":"WHO","year":"2002","journal-title":"Prevention and Control of Schistosomiasis and Soil-transmitted helminthiasis: Report of a WHO Expert Committee"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026050406264682800_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-024-10010-1","article-title":"Control and elimination of Schistosoma mansoni infection in adult individuals on Ukerewe island, northwestern Tanzania: baseline results before implementation of intervention measures","volume":"24","author":"Mazigo","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026050406264682800_bib18","first-page":"142","author":"WHO","year":"2022","journal-title":"WHO GUIDELINE on Control and Elimination of human Schistosomiasis"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026050406264682800_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.3347\/kjp.2017.55.5.533","article-title":"Schistosoma mansoni infection and its related morbidity among adults living in selected villages of Mara region, north-western Tanzania: a cross-sectional exploratory study","volume":"55","author":"Mazigo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Korean J Parasitol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026050406264682800_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-019-4105-1","article-title":"Association between Schistosoma mansoni infection and access to improved water and sanitation facilities in Mwea, Kirinyaga County, Kenya","volume":"19","author":"Gichuki","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026050406264682800_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s40249-023-01094-z","article-title":"Prevalence and risk distribution of schistosomiasis among adults in Madagascar: a cross-sectional study","volume":"12","author":"Gruninger","year":"2023","journal-title":"Infect Dis Poverty"},{"issue":"11","key":"2026050406264682800_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0007844","article-title":"Insufficiency of annual praziquantel treatment to control Schistosoma mansoni infections in adult women: a longitudinal cohort study in rural Tanzania","volume":"13","author":"Mishra","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026050406264682800_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1007\/s40475-023-00286-9","article-title":"Schistosomiasis in Europe","volume":"10","author":"Gabrielli","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr Trop Med Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026050406264682800_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-13202-0","article-title":"Village and age based precision mapping of schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminths in Chevakadzi ward of Shamva district in Zimbabwe","volume":"15","author":"Midzi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026050406264682800_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13690-020-00402-5","article-title":"The influence of education on health: an empirical assessment of OECD countries for the period 1995-2015","volume":"78","author":"Raghupathi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arch Public Health"},{"key":"2026050406264682800_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/5923025","article-title":"Prevalence, intensity, and factors associated with urogenital schistosomiasis among women of reproductive age in Mbogwe District Council, Geita region, Tanzania","author":"Rite","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026050406264682800_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-019-6659-7","article-title":"Schistosoma haematobium infection status and its associated risk factors among pregnant women in Munyenge, South West Region, Cameroon following scale-up of communal piped water sources from 2014 to 2017: a cross-sectional study","volume":"19","author":"Wepnje","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026050406264682800_bib28","first-page":"267","article-title":"Effect of health education on schistosomiasis control knowledge, attitude, and practice after schistosomiasis blocking: results of a longitudinal observational study in the field","volume":"8","author":"Feng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Trop Med Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026050406264682800_bib29","first-page":"1","article-title":"Male genital schistosomiasis along the shoreline of Lake Malawi: baseline prevalence and associated knowledge, attitudes and practices among local fishermen in Mangochi District, Malawi","volume-title":"Front Public Health","author":"Kayuni","year":"2021"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026050406264682800_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-020-04157-4","article-title":"Assessment of knowledge, attitude and practices and the analysis of risk factors regarding schistosomiasis among fishermen and boatmen in the Dongting Lake Basin, the People\u2019s Republic of China","volume":"13","author":"Guan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"}],"container-title":["Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/trstmh\/article-pdf\/120\/5\/542\/66956872\/trag009.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/trstmh\/article-pdf\/120\/5\/542\/66956872\/trag009.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T10:26:58Z","timestamp":1777890418000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/trstmh\/article\/120\/5\/542\/8488427"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,17]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,17]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/trstmh\/trag009","relation":{},"ISSN":["0035-9203","1878-3503"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0035-9203","type":"print"},{"value":"1878-3503","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,17]]}}}