{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]],"date-time":"2026-06-08T17:00:45Z","timestamp":1780938045797,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":7,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772755200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000268","name":"Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000268","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002992","name":"Department for International Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002992","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000269","name":"Economic and Social Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000265","name":"Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000265","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000270","name":"Natural Environment Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000270","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Zoonoses and Emerging Livestock Systems","award":["BB\/L019019\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BB\/L019019\/1"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100015815","name":"CGIAR","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100015815","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"International Food Policy Research Institute"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Consumption of food contaminated with antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) Salmonella spp. poses significant public health risks.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We investigated AMR patterns in non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) isolated from raw pork, ready-to-eat pork and side salads from butcheries in Busia County, Kenya (April\u2013October 2019). A total of 81 isolates underwent antimicrobial susceptibility testing using disc diffusion according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute 2018 guidelines.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Of the isolates, 90% (73\/81) were resistant to at least one antibiotic, 22.2% were multidrug resistant and 9.8% exhibited extended drug resistance. High resistance was observed to gentamicin (70.4%), ampicillin (38.3%) and cefuroxime (37%).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The high prevalence of AMR Salmonella in pork and salad samples highlights the risk of transmission to humans in Kenya. These findings underscore the urgent need for strengthened food safety practices, antimicrobial stewardship and integrated AMR surveillance across livestock value chains.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/trstmh\/trag019","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]],"date-time":"2026-02-06T12:42:09Z","timestamp":1770381729000},"page":"711-713","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Antimicrobial resistance patterns of\n                    <i>Salmonella<\/i>\n                    spp. identified from retail pork and raw side salads from Busia County, Kenya"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"120","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-6065-7876","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christine Makena","family":"Mbabu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacology and Toxicology; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nairobi Department of Public Health, , PO Box 29053-00625, Nairobi ,","place":["Kenya"]},{"name":"International Livestock Research Institute , PO Box 30709 , Nairobi 00100 ,","place":["Kenya"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cianjo M","family":"Gichuyia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacology and Toxicology; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nairobi Department of Public Health, , PO Box 29053-00625, Nairobi ,","place":["Kenya"]},{"name":"International Livestock Research Institute , PO Box 30709 , Nairobi 00100 ,","place":["Kenya"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Gathura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacology and Toxicology; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nairobi Department of Public Health, , PO Box 29053-00625, Nairobi ,","place":["Kenya"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Mbaria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacology and Toxicology; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nairobi Department of Public Health, , PO Box 29053-00625, Nairobi ,","place":["Kenya"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gitahi","family":"Nduhiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacology and Toxicology; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nairobi Department of Public Health, , PO Box 29053-00625, Nairobi ,","place":["Kenya"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8931-4986","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eric M","family":"F\u00e8vre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Livestock Research Institute , PO Box 30709 , Nairobi 00100 ,","place":["Kenya"]},{"name":"Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool Department of Livestock and One Health, , Liverpool L69\u00a03BX ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8447-1210","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lian F","family":"Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Livestock Research Institute , PO Box 30709 , Nairobi 00100 ,","place":["Kenya"]},{"name":"Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, Easter Bush Campus , Edinburgh, Midlothian EH259RG ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"2026060812253424900_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"882","DOI":"10.1086\/650733","article-title":"The global burden of nontyphoidal Salmonella gastroenteritis","volume":"50","author":"Majowicz","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"12","key":"2026060812253424900_bib2","first-page":"1312","article-title":"The global burden of non-typhoidal Salmonella invasive disease: a modelling analysis","volume":"19","author":"GBD 2017. Non-typhoidal Salmonella Invasive Disease Collaborators","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"issue":"10325","key":"2026060812253424900_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)02724-0","article-title":"Global burden of bacterial antimicrobial resistance in 2019: a systematic analysis","volume":"399","author":"Murray","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"18","key":"2026060812253424900_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5649","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1503141112","article-title":"Global trends in antimicrobial use in food animals","volume":"112","author":"Van Boeckel","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"issue":"11","key":"2026060812253424900_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1093\/trstmh\/trad046","article-title":"Non-typhoidal Salmonella contamination along the pork value chain in a rural East African setting: a cross-sectional study","volume":"117","author":"Gichuyia","year":"2023","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"2026060812253424900_bib6","volume-title":"Performance standards for antimicrobial disk susceptibility tests; approved standard\u201412th ed","author":"Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute","year":"2018"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"2026060812253424900_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.19182\/remvt.31289","article-title":"Serotypes and antimicrobial resistance patterns of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica in pork and related fresh-vegetable servings among pork outlets in Kampala, Uganda","volume":"71","author":"Ndoboli","year":"2018","journal-title":"Rev Elev Med Vet Pays Trop"}],"container-title":["Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/trstmh\/article-pdf\/120\/6\/711\/67254441\/trag019.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/trstmh\/article-pdf\/120\/6\/711\/67254441\/trag019.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]],"date-time":"2026-06-08T16:25:39Z","timestamp":1780935939000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/trstmh\/article\/120\/6\/711\/8508719"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]]},"references-count":7,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/trstmh\/trag019","relation":{},"ISSN":["0035-9203","1878-3503"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0035-9203","type":"print"},{"value":"1878-3503","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]]}}}