{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T00:57:21Z","timestamp":1780966641880,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]],"date-time":"2026-04-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775433600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"name":"Deanship of Scientific Research at Hashemite University","award":["49"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["49"]}]},{"name":"Department of Graduate Studies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Blastocystis hominis is a common intestinal eukaryotic organism that infects both humans and animals. Although its pathogenicity remains debated, it has been associated with diarrhoea and gastroenteritis. This study aimed to determine its prevalence and characterize its genetic subtypes (STs) in symptomatic patients presenting with gastrointestinal complaints.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>DNA was extracted from 279 stool samples collected from patients in northern and central regions of Jordan. Nested polymerase chain reaction targeting the 18S rRNA gene locus and Sanger sequencing of positive samples were used for B. hominis detection and subtype identification. Phylogenetic relationships were analysed using Unipro UGENE and MEGA software. Statistical analyses, prevalence, Pearson\u2019s \u03c72 test (p&amp;lt;0.05) were conducted using SPSS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The present study found a B. hominis prevalence of 7.2% (20\/279). Three subtypes were identified: ST1 35% (7\/20), ST2 10% (2\/20) and ST3 55% (11\/20). No mixed-subtype infections were detected. A statistically significant association was observed between B. hominis infection and patient age (p&amp;lt;0.05), with infection rates influenced by age and not by gender. The highest prevalence, based on sequencing, was observed in the 6- to &amp;lt;12-y age group. The association between B. hominis infection and gender was not statistically significant.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The relatively low prevalence of B. hominis among patients suggests it may function more as an indicator of gut health rather than as a primary pathogen. However, confirmation of this hypothesis requires additional microbiome and longitudinal studies. The frequent detection of ST1 and ST3 aligns with previous findings that link these subtypes to clinical symptoms. Broader epidemiological studies are needed to clarify the distribution patterns and clinical significance of B. hominis in human populations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/trstmh\/trag033","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,14]],"date-time":"2026-03-14T12:41:23Z","timestamp":1773492083000},"page":"693-704","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Prevalence and subtype diversity of\n                    <i>Blastocystis hominis<\/i>\n                    among gastroenteritis patients in northern and central Jordan"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"120","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-6184-1454","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Renat A","family":"Alsarahead","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Hashemite University Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, , Zarqa 13133 ,","place":["Jordan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fouad S","family":"El-Shehabi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Science, Applied Science Private University (ASU) Department of Basic Science, , Al Arab st. 21, Amman 11937 ,","place":["Jordan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nawal S","family":"Hijjawi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Hashemite University Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, , Zarqa 13133 ,","place":["Jordan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026060819571532800_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-020-04225-9","article-title":"First molecular subtyping and phylogeny of Blastocystis sp. isolated from domestic and synanthropic animals (dogs, cats and brown rats) in southern Iran","volume":"13","author":"Mohammadpour","year":"2020","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026060819571532800_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"948","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parint.2016.10.008","article-title":"Subtype distribution of Blastocystis spp. isolated from children in Eskisehir","volume":"66","author":"Dogan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Turkey Parasitol Int"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026060819571532800_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2019.12.008","article-title":"Blastocystis","volume":"36","author":"Stensvold","year":"2020","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol"},{"key":"2026060819571532800_bib4","first-page":"11","article-title":"The algal tree of life from a genomics perspective","volume":"45","author":"Bhattacharya","year":"2020","journal-title":"Photosynthesis in algae: biochemical and physiological mechanisms"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026060819571532800_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0283291","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0283291","article-title":"Molecular characterization of Blastocystis subtypes in symptomatic patients from the southern region of Syria","volume":"18","author":"Darwish","year":"2023","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2026060819571532800_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107090","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2023.107090","article-title":"Blastocystis genetic diversity in animal and human samples from different departments of Colombia using complete sequencing of the 18S rRNA gene (SSU rRNA) by Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT)","volume":"249","author":"Jim\u00e9nez","year":"2024","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026060819571532800_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.4103\/2229-5070.113894","article-title":"Blastocystis: taxonomy, biology and virulence","volume":"3","author":"Parija","year":"2013","journal-title":"Trop Parasitol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026060819571532800_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.43.1.348-355.2005","article-title":"Molecular phylogenies of Blastocystis isolates from different hosts: implications for genetic diversity, identification of species, and zoonosis","volume":"43","author":"No\u00ebl","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"8","key":"2026060819571532800_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1050","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens12081050","article-title":"Epidemiology of Blastocystis infection: a review of data from Poland in relation to other reports","volume":"12","author":"Rudzi\u0144ska","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026060819571532800_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.4103\/tp.TP_106_20","article-title":"Molecular characterization of Entamoeba, Blastocystis and Cryptosporidium species in stool samples collected from Jordanian patients suffering from gastroenteritis","volume":"11","author":"Hijjawi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Trop Parasitol"},{"key":"2026060819571532800_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-021-04859-3","article-title":"Blastocystis in the faeces of children from six distant countries: prevalence, quantity, subtypes and the relation to the gut bacteriome","volume":"14","author":"Cinek","year":"2021","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"2026060819571532800_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106608","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2022.106608","article-title":"Frequency, spatial distribution, and genetic diversity of Blastocystis among referred individuals to a clinical laboratory: first report of subtype 9 in Brazil","volume":"234","author":"Bertozzo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"2026060819571532800_bib13","first-page":"90","article-title":"Blastocystosis: ethiology, biology and prevalence","volume":"6","author":"Boeva-Bangyozova","year":"2008","journal-title":"Trakia J Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026060819571532800_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.4103\/1995-7645.278097","article-title":"Blastocystis incidence, spontaneous clearance, persistence and risk factors in a rural community in Thailand: a prospective cohort study","volume":"13","author":"Wongthamarin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Asian Pac J Trop Med"},{"key":"2026060819571532800_bib15","first-page":"148","article-title":"Study the life cycle and some other characterized of Blastocystis hominis: (subject review)","volume":"15","author":"Ismai","year":"2022","journal-title":"World Bull Public Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026060819571532800_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.4292\/wjgpt.v8.i4.201","article-title":"Protozoan parasites in irritable bowel syndrome: a case-control study","volume":"8","author":"Jadallah","year":"2017","journal-title":"World J Gastrointest Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"2026060819571532800_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2018.04.006","article-title":"Blastocystis subtypes and their association with irritable bowel syndrome","volume":"116","author":"Cifre","year":"2018","journal-title":"Med Hypotheses"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026060819571532800_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1582","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms11061582","article-title":"Lipid accumulation in Blastocystis increases cell damage in co-cultured cells","volume":"11","author":"Liao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"2026060819571532800_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-020-3900-2","article-title":"Prevalence of Blastocystis sp. infection in several hosts in Brazil: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"13","author":"Zanetti","year":"2020","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026060819571532800_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-012-1746-z","article-title":"Subtype distribution of Blastocystis isolates identified in a Sydney population and pathogenic potential of Blastocystis","volume":"32","author":"Roberts","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026060819571532800_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-1-40","article-title":"Oh my aching gut: irritable bowel syndrome, Blastocystis, and asymptomatic infection","volume":"1","author":"Boorom","year":"2008","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"2026060819571532800_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1186\/s40249-020-00779-z","article-title":"Epidemiology of Blastocystis infection from 1990 to 2019 in China","volume":"9","author":"Ning","year":"2020","journal-title":"Infect Dis Poverty"},{"issue":"9","key":"2026060819571532800_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1531","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-017-2965-0","article-title":"Blastocystis: how do specific diets and human gut microbiota affect its development and pathogenicity?","volume":"36","author":"Lepczy\u0144ska","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026060819571532800_bib24","first-page":"519","article-title":"Epidemiological and diagnostic features of Blastocystis infection in symptomatic patients in Izmir province, Turkey","volume":"9","author":"Dagci","year":"2014","journal-title":"Iran J Parasitol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026060819571532800_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-014-4208-y","article-title":"A novel ELISA test for laboratory diagnosis of Blastocystis spp. in human stool specimens","volume":"114","author":"Dogruman-Al","year":"2015","journal-title":"Parasitol Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026060819571532800_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1295","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-022-01818-7","article-title":"Development and evaluation of a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) technique for rapid, accurate, and specific detection of Blastocystis spp. in AIDS patients","volume":"50","author":"Badparva","year":"2022","journal-title":"Infection"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026060819571532800_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.4103\/2229-5070.113896","article-title":"Blastocystis: genetic diversity and molecular methods for diagnosis and epidemiology","volume":"3","author":"Stensvold","year":"2013","journal-title":"Trop Parasitol"},{"key":"2026060819571532800_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-014-0461-2","article-title":"Suitability of internal transcribed spacers (ITS) as markers for the population genetic structure of Blastocystis spp","volume":"7","author":"Villalobos","year":"2014","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"issue":"11","key":"2026060819571532800_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e05387","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2020.e05387","article-title":"Succinate dehydrogenase gene as a marker for studying Blastocystis genetic diversity","volume":"6","author":"Higuera","year":"2020","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"2026060819571532800_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.12688\/openreseurope.18046.1","article-title":"Advancing research on Blastocystis through a One Health approach","volume":"4","author":"Tsaousis","year":"2024","journal-title":"Open Res Eur"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026060819571532800_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e97388","DOI":"10.5812\/archcid.97388","article-title":"Blastocystis hominis: a pathogenic parasite","volume":"15","author":"Badparva","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arch Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026060819571532800_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/d41586-025-01916-0","article-title":"Single-celled organisms set for greater role in gut health","author":"King","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"8","key":"2026060819571532800_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3156.1997.d01-383.x","article-title":"Five subgroups of Blastocystis hominis isolates from symptomatic and asymptomatic patients revealed by restriction site analysis of PCR-amplified 16S-like rDNA","volume":"2","author":"B\u00f6hm-Gloning","year":"1997","journal-title":"Trop Med Int Health"},{"key":"2026060819571532800_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8821885","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/8821885","article-title":"Prevalence and subtype analysis of Blastocystis hominis isolated from patients in the northeast of Iran","volume":"2021","author":"Salehi","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Parasitol Res"},{"issue":"8","key":"2026060819571532800_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1166","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bts091","article-title":"Unipro UGENE: a unified bioinformatics toolkit","volume":"28","author":"Okonechnikov","year":"2012","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026060819571532800_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1558-5646.1985.tb00420.x","article-title":"Confidence limits on phylogenies: an approach using the bootstrap","volume":"39","author":"Felsenstein","year":"1985","journal-title":"Evolution"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026060819571532800_bib37","first-page":"512","article-title":"Estimation of the number of nucleotide substitutions in the control region of mitochondrial DNA in humans and chimpanzees","volume":"10","author":"Tamura","year":"1993","journal-title":"Mol Biol Evol"},{"issue":"7","key":"2026060819571532800_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3022","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msab120","article-title":"MEGA11: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis version 11","volume":"38","author":"Tamura","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol Biol Evol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026060819571532800_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"696","DOI":"10.1080\/10635150390235520","article-title":"A simple, fast, and accurate algorithm to estimate large phylogenies by maximum likelihood","volume":"52","author":"Guindon","year":"2003","journal-title":"Syst Biol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026060819571532800_bib40","first-page":"203","article-title":"Measures of diagnostic accuracy: basic definitions","volume":"19","author":"\u0160imundi\u0107","year":"2009","journal-title":"EJIFCC"},{"issue":"10","key":"2026060819571532800_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2706","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.31.10.2706-2708.1993","article-title":"Evidence of an epidemic of Blastocystis hominis infections in preschool children in northern Jordan","volume":"31","author":"Nimri","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"7","key":"2026060819571532800_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2004.00891.x","article-title":"Enteropathogens associated with cases of gastroenteritis in a rural population in Jordan","volume":"10","author":"Nimri","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"issue":"11","key":"2026060819571532800_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2865","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.32.11.2865-2866.1994","article-title":"Intestinal colonization of symptomatic and asymptomatic schoolchildren with Blastocystis hominis","volume":"32","author":"Nimri","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026060819571532800_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmii.2013.06.001","article-title":"Microbiological and parasitological investigation among food handlers in hotels in the Dead Sea area, Jordan","volume":"47","author":"Abdel-Dayem","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Microbiol Immunol Infect"},{"issue":"11","key":"2026060819571532800_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1359","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens12111359","article-title":"Molecular epidemiology and genetic diversity of the enteric protozoan parasite Blastocystis sp. in the northern Egypt population","volume":"12","author":"Naguib","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026060819571532800_bib46","first-page":"391","article-title":"Phylogenetic tree of Blastocystis hominis in Iraqi children in Salah AL-Deen province, Iraq","volume":"68","author":"Abdulwahhab","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann Parasitol"},{"key":"2026060819571532800_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S347220","article-title":"Identification and genetic characterization of Blastocystis species in patients from Makkah, Saudi Arabia","volume":"15","author":"Wakid","year":"2022","journal-title":"Infect Drug Resist"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026060819571532800_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4894(89)90110-0","article-title":"Blastocystis hominis: phylogenetic affinities determined by rRNA sequence comparison","volume":"68","author":"Johnson","year":"1989","journal-title":"Exp Parasitol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026060819571532800_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.4.1.61","article-title":"Blastocystis hominis\u2014past and future","volume":"4","author":"Zierdt","year":"1991","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026060819571532800_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02541-12","article-title":"Comparison of sequencing (barcode region) and sequence-tagged-site PCR for Blastocystis subtyping","volume":"51","author":"Stensvold","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026060819571532800_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0011170","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0011170","article-title":"Gut bacteria influence Blastocystis sp. phenotypes and may trigger pathogenicity","volume":"17","author":"Rajamanikam","year":"2023","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026060819571532800_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms12030461","article-title":"Blastocystis: a mysterious member of the gut microbiome","volume":"12","author":"Aykur","year":"2024","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026060819571532800_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2012.12.011","article-title":"Variable geographic distribution of Blastocystis subtypes and its potential implications","volume":"126","author":"Alfellani","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026060819571532800_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens13030271","article-title":"Blastocystis spp. and other intestinal parasites in Polish soldiers deployed to Lebanon and Iraq","volume":"13","author":"Kosik-Bogacka","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026060819571532800_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.2166\/wh.2021.011","article-title":"Molecular prevalence and subtype distribution of Blastocystis sp. in Asia and in Australia","volume":"19","author":"Nemati","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Water Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026060819571532800_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-009-1693-5","article-title":"Subtype analysis of Blastocystis isolates from symptomatic patients in Egypt","volume":"106","author":"Souppart","year":"2010","journal-title":"Parasitol Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026060819571532800_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms11030731","article-title":"First epidemiological survey on the prevalence and subtypes distribution of the enteric parasite Blastocystis sp. in Vietnam","volume":"11","author":"Nguyen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"issue":"10","key":"2026060819571532800_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1421","DOI":"10.2166\/wh.2023.094","article-title":"Waterborne transmission of protozoan parasites: a review of worldwide outbreaks\u2014an update 2017\u20132022","volume":"21","author":"Bourli","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Water Health"},{"issue":"8","key":"2026060819571532800_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1014","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182012000340","article-title":"Drinking water is a significant predictor of Blastocystis infection among rural Malaysian primary schoolchildren","volume":"139","author":"Abdulsalam","year":"2012","journal-title":"Parasitology"}],"container-title":["Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/trstmh\/article-pdf\/120\/6\/693\/67866108\/trag033.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/trstmh\/article-pdf\/120\/6\/693\/67866108\/trag033.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]],"date-time":"2026-06-08T23:57:30Z","timestamp":1780963050000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/trstmh\/article\/120\/6\/693\/8606882"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]]},"references-count":59,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/trstmh\/trag033","relation":{},"ISSN":["0035-9203","1878-3503"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0035-9203","type":"print"},{"value":"1878-3503","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]]}}}