{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T16:15:09Z","timestamp":1786637709279,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786579200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Concurrent pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) and antifungal-resistant candidiasis pose significant clinical and public challenges in resource-limited settings. This study determined the prevalence of PTB and antifungal-resistant Candida albicans co-infection among people living with HIV\/AIDS (PLWHA) in Gombe State, Nigeria.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sputum samples from 348 PLWHA were processed and tested for Mycobacterium tuberculosis using GeneXpert equipment. Moreover, C. albicans was isolated and identified using CHROMagar, germ tube test, and 18S rRNA-ITS-PCR sequencing, and its antifungal susceptibility patterns were determined by the disc diffusion method.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The prevalence values for C. albicans, PTB, and C. albicans-PTB co-infections were 9.2%, 9.2%, and 6.3%, respectively. All Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains were rifampicin-susceptible but were significantly associated with age (P = .0033) and biological sex (P = .03). About 40.6%, 31.3%, and 28.1% of the C. albicans strains were resistant to fluconazole, voriconazole, and amphotericin-B, respectively. PLWHA aged &amp;gt;60 years had significantly higher odds of C. albicans infection (OR = 54.6, P = .0156). History of antibiotic use, pet ownership, and presence of PTB were significantly associated with C. albicans (P &amp;lt; .05). About 87.5% of PLWHA with C. albicans had CD4\u207a T-cell counts of &amp;lt;200 cells\/mm\u00b3.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The levels of PTB and C. albicans mono- or co-infections among PLWHA were moderate, with a high frequency of fluconazole-resistant C. albicans. This study provided updated local surveillance data on pulmonary infections among PLWHA.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/trstmh\/trag093","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T11:13:26Z","timestamp":1785323606000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Molecular detection of pulmonary tuberculosis and\n                    <i>Candida albicans<\/i>\n                    co-infection in people living with HIV\/AIDS in Nigeria"],"prefix":"10.1093","author":[{"given":"Fatima Muhammad","family":"Sani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Gombe State University , 760214 Gombe city, Gombe State ,","place":["Nigeria"]},{"name":"Department of Laboratory Services, Specialist Hospital Gombe , 760252 Gombe city, Gombe State, Gombe State ,","place":["Nigeria"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmad Adamu","family":"Yarma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Gombe State University , 760214 Gombe city, Gombe State ,","place":["Nigeria"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lawal","family":"Garba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Gombe State University , 760214 Gombe city, Gombe State ,","place":["Nigeria"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuaibu","family":"Isa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Gombe State University , 760214 Gombe city, Gombe State ,","place":["Nigeria"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Tukur","family":"Adamu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Gombe State University , 760214 Gombe city, Gombe State ,","place":["Nigeria"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taofiq Abdullahi","family":"Umar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Gombe State University , 760214 Gombe city, Gombe State ,","place":["Nigeria"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Salawaudeen","family":"Adamu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Gombe State University , 760214 Gombe city, Gombe State ,","place":["Nigeria"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Idris Nasir","family":"Abdullahi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University , PMB 06 Zaria, Kaduna State 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