{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T06:01:09Z","timestamp":1790316069203,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,24]],"date-time":"2019-04-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1556064000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":8,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"name":"French Agence Nationale de Recherches sur le SIDA et les h\u00e9patites virales"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003323","name":"ANRS","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003323","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009060","name":"Sidaction","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) co-infected patients from sub-Saharan Africa with hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-negative status, data are limited on the evolution of HBV activity when antiretroviral treatment (ART) is absent.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A total of 43 HBeAg-negative co-infected patients not indicated for ART (per concomitant World Health Organization recommendations) were followed during participation in a randomized controlled trial in C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire. Chronic HBeAg-negative phases were classified at yearly visits and defined as \u2018infection\u2019 (HBV DNA \u226410 000 copies\/mL and normal alanine aminotransferase [ALT]) or \u2018hepatitis\u2019 (HBV DNA &gt;10 000 copies\/mL and\/or above normal ALT). Dispersion in HBV DNA and ALT levels during follow-up was assessed using interquartile range (IQR) regression.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>During a median 25 months (IQR 19\u201331), 17 (40%) patients consistently had \u2018infection\u2019, 5 (12%) consistently had \u2018hepatitis\u2019 and 21 (48%) fluctuated between phases. Wider dispersion in HBV DNA over time was associated with higher baseline HIV RNA (p=0.02) and higher baseline HBV DNA levels (p=0.008), while wider dispersion in ALT was associated with higher baseline HIV RNA (p&lt;0.001), higher baseline ALT levels (p=0.02) and baseline hepatitis surface antigen &gt;4.0 log10 IU\/mL (p=0.02).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>HBV activity is common with HBeAg-negative status, whose variation is partly linked to HIV replication. Fluctuations in disease phase make it difficult to assess the risk of morbidity and mortality after ART initiation.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/trstmh\/trz021","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,14]],"date-time":"2019-03-14T10:59:43Z","timestamp":1552561183000},"page":"437-445","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Hepatitis B virus activity in untreated hepatitis B e antigen\u2013negative human immunodeficiency virus\u2013hepatitis B virus co-infected patients from sub-Saharan Africa"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"113","author":[{"given":"Anders","family":"Boyd","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM, Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, Institut Pierre Louis d\u2019\u00c9pid\u00e9miologie et de Sant\u00e9 Publique, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Menan Gerard","family":"Kouam\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programme PAC-CI, ANRS Research Site, 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