{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T16:17:47Z","timestamp":1778775467113,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,21]],"date-time":"2019-06-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1561075200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"name":"Federal funds from the Government of India\u2019s"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010803","name":"Department of Biotechnology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010803","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001411","name":"Indian Council of Medical Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001411","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006084","name":"Office of AIDS Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006084","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Civilian Research Development Foundation"},{"name":"NIH study","award":["R01AI097494"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AI097494"]}]},{"name":"NIH Byramjee Jeejeebhoy Government Medical College","award":["UM1AI069497"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UM1AI069497"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000061","name":"Fogarty International Center","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000061","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["D43TW009574"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["D43TW009574"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Household contacts (HHCs) of TB patients are at high risk of developing evidence of latent TB infection (LTBI) and active disease from the index patient. We estimated the age-specific prevalence of LTBI and the force of infection (FI), as a measure of recent transmission, among HHCs of active TB patients.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A cross-sectional analysis of HHCs of pulmonary TB patients enrolled in a prospective study, \u2018CTRIUMPh\u2019, was conducted at two sites in India. LTBI was defined as either a positive tuberculin skin test (induration \u22655 mm) or QuantiFERON\u2013Gold in tube test (value \u22650.35 IU\/ml) and was stratified by age. FI, which is a measure of recent transmission of infection and calculated using changes in age-specific prevalence rates at specific ages, was calculated. Factors associated with LTBI were determined by logistic regression models.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Of 1020 HHCs of 441 adult pulmonary TB cases, there were 566 (55%) females and 289 (28%) children aged \u226415 y. While screening for the study 3% of HHC were diagnosed with active TB. LTBI prevalence among HHCs of pulmonary TB was 47% at &amp;lt;6 y, 53% between 6\u201314 y and 78% between 15\u201345 y. FI increased significantly with age, from 0.4 to 1.15 in the HHCs cohort (p=0.05).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This study observed an increased prevalence of LTBI and FI among older children and young adults recently exposed to infectious TB in the household. In addition to awareness of coughing etiquette and general hygiene, expanding access to TB preventive therapy to all HHCs, including older children, may be beneficial to achieve TB elimination by 2035.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/trstmh\/trz049","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,5]],"date-time":"2019-06-05T07:14:52Z","timestamp":1559718892000},"page":"632-640","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Age-specific prevalence of TB infection among household contacts of pulmonary TB: Is it time for TB preventive therapy?"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"113","author":[{"given":"Chandra Kumar","family":"Dolla","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology, National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, 1, Mayor Sathyamoorthy Road, Chetpet, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 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