{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T12:28:52Z","timestamp":1790944132353,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,1]],"date-time":"2019-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1564617600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002749","name":"Belgian Federal Science Policy Office","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BR\/165\/PI\/TRAIL"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BR\/165\/PI\/TRAIL"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002749","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005027","name":"Belgian Development Cooperation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005027","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Royal Museum for Central Africa"},{"name":"FWO fellowship"},{"name":"Research Foundation\u2013Flanders"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Studying the epidemiology of schistosomiasis\u2014the most prevalent gastropod-borne human disease and an economic burden for the livestock industry\u2014relies on adequate monitoring tools. Here we describe a molecular assay for detecting human and animal African schistosome species in their planorbid gastropod host (xenomonitoring) using a two-step approach. First, schistosome infections are detected and discriminated from other trematode infections using a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) that includes a trematode-specific marker (in 18S rDNA), a Schistosoma genus-specific marker (in internal transcribed spacer 2 [ITS2]) and a general gastropod marker (in 18S rDNA) as an internal control. Upon Schistosoma sp. detection, a second multiplex PCR is performed to discriminate among Schistosoma haematobium, Schistosoma mansoni, Schistosoma mattheei and Schistosoma bovis\/Schistosoma curassoni\/Schistosoma guineensis using markers of differential lengths in the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COX1) gene. The specificity of these assays was validated with adult worms, naturally infected gastropods and human urine and stool samples. Sensitivity was tested on experimentally infected snail specimens that were sacrificed 10 and 40 days post-infection in order to mimic a natural prepatent and mature infection, respectively. The assay provides a diagnostic tool to support the xenomonitoring of planorbid gastropods for trematode infections in a One Health context, with a focus on the transmission monitoring of schistosomiasis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/trstmh\/trz067","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,23]],"date-time":"2019-07-23T15:08:45Z","timestamp":1563894525000},"page":"722-729","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":54,"title":["A rapid diagnostic multiplex PCR approach for xenomonitoring of human and animal schistosomiasis in a \u2018One Health\u2019 context"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"113","author":[{"given":"Ruben","family":"Schols","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Genomics, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hans","family":"Carolus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Genomics, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cyril","family":"Hammoud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Royal Museum for Central Africa, Leuvensesteenweg 13, Tervuren, Belgium"},{"name":"Limnology Research Unit, Ghent University, K. L. Ledeganckstraat 35, Ghent, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen","family":"Mulero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Host\u2013Pathogen\u2013Environment Interactions, IHPE UMR 5244, CNRS, University of Perpignan Via Domitia, Perpignan, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aspire","family":"Mudavanhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tine","family":"Huyse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Genomics, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium"},{"name":"Department of Biology, Royal Museum for Central Africa, Leuvensesteenweg 13, Tervuren, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"9541","key":"2019110708161811200_trz067C1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1106","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)69440-3","article-title":"Human schistosomiasis","volume":"368","author":"Gryseels","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"7","key":"2019110708161811200_trz067C2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(06)70521-7","article-title":"Schistosomiasis and water resources development: systematic review, meta-analysis, and estimates of people at risk","volume":"6","author":"Steinmann","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"2019110708161811200_trz067C3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1093\/trstmh\/trx047","article-title":"Should we be treating animal schistosomiasis in Africa? 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