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Here, we present a new member of the genus Alphavirus found in Trichoprosopon and Wyeomia mosquitoes, tentatively named Pirahy virus (PIRAV). PIRAV was isolated from mosquito pools collected in a rural area of Pira\u00ed do Sul, South Brazil. In vitro assays revealed that PIRAV replicates and causes cytopathic effects in vertebrate cell lines such as Vero E6, SH-SY5Y, BHK-21 and UMNSAH\/DF-1. Genomic signature analysis supports these results showing a dinucleotide and codon usage balance compatible with several hosts. Phylogenetic analyses placed PIRAV basal to the Venezuelan equine encephalitis complex. Genome analyses, electron microscopy, and biological characterization show findings that may alert for the emergence of a new arbovirus in South America.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/ve\/veab105","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,16]],"date-time":"2021-12-16T20:12:29Z","timestamp":1639685549000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Pirahy virus: Identification of a new and potential emerging arbovirus in South Brazil"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Marcel Kruchelski","family":"Tsch\u00e1","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Virologia Molecular, Instituto Carlos Chagas\/Fiocruz-PR , Rua Prof. Algacyr Munhoz Mader 3775, Curitiba, PR 81350-010, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andreia A","family":"Suzukawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Virologia Molecular, Instituto Carlos Chagas\/Fiocruz-PR , Rua Prof. Algacyr Munhoz Mader 3775, Curitiba, PR 81350-010, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gabriela Flavia","family":"Rodrigues-Luiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Centro de Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas (CCB), Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC) , Av. Prof. Henrique da Silva Fontes 2754, Florian\u00f3polis, SC 88040-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Allan Martins","family":"da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio Central, Secretaria de Estado da Sa\u00fade do Paran\u00e1 , Rua Sebastiana Santana Fraga 1001, S\u00e3o Jos\u00e9 dos Pinhais, PR 83060-500, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Allan Henrique Depieri","family":"Cataneo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Virologia Molecular, Instituto Carlos Chagas\/Fiocruz-PR , Rua Prof. Algacyr Munhoz Mader 3775, Curitiba, PR 81350-010, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gabriela","family":"Mattoso Coelho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Virologia Molecular, Instituto Carlos Chagas\/Fiocruz-PR , Rua Prof. Algacyr Munhoz Mader 3775, Curitiba, PR 81350-010, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ad\u00e3o Celestino","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"N\u00facleo de Entomologia de Foz do Igua\u00e7u, Secretaria de Estado da Sa\u00fade do Paran\u00e1 , R. 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