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To address this, we collected 23,109 mosquitoes over the course of 12\u2009months from a bat-dwelling cave and a nearby village in Yunnan province, China. These samples were organized by mosquito species, mosquito gender, and sampling time for meta-transcriptomic sequencing. A total of 162 eukaryotic virus species were identified, of which 101 were novel, including representatives of seventeen RNA virus multi-family supergroups and four species of DNA virus from the families Parvoviridae, Circoviridae, and Nudiviridae. In addition, two known vector-borne viruses\u2014Japanese encephalitis virus and Banna virus\u2014were found. Analyses of the entire virome revealed strikingly different viral compositions and abundance levels in warmer compared to colder months, a strong host structure at the level of mosquito species, and no substantial differences between those viruses harbored by male and female mosquitoes. At the scale of individual viruses, some were found to be ubiquitous throughout the year and across four mosquito species, while most of the other viruses were season and\/or host specific. Collectively, this study reveals the diversity, dynamics, and evolution of the mosquito virome at a single location and sheds new lights on the ecology of these important vector animals.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/ve\/veac006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,27]],"date-time":"2022-01-27T12:14:59Z","timestamp":1643285699000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":59,"title":["A time-series meta-transcriptomic analysis reveals the seasonal, host, and gender structure of mosquito viromes"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Yun","family":"Feng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Viral and Rickettsial Disease Control, Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Control and Prevention, Yunnan Institute of Endemic Disease Control and Prevention, No. 5 Wenhua Road, Xiaguan, Dali, Yunnan 671000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qin-yu","family":"Gou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shenzhen Campus of Sun-Yat Sen University, Sun-Yat Sen University Shenzhen Campus, Guangming New District, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei-hong","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Viral and Rickettsial Disease Control, Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Control and Prevention, Yunnan Institute of Endemic Disease Control and Prevention, No. 5 Wenhua Road, Xiaguan, Dali, Yunnan 671000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei-chen","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shenzhen Campus of Sun-Yat Sen University, Sun-Yat Sen University Shenzhen Campus, Guangming New District, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Viral and Rickettsial Disease Control, Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Control and Prevention, Yunnan Institute of Endemic Disease Control and Prevention, No. 5 Wenhua Road, Xiaguan, Dali, Yunnan 671000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9596-3552","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edward C","family":"Holmes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sydney Institute for Infectious Diseases, School of Life and Environmental Sciences and School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guodong","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 155 Changbai Road, Changping District, Beijing 102206, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6154-4437","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mang","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shenzhen Campus of Sun-Yat Sen University, Sun-Yat Sen University Shenzhen Campus, Guangming New District, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022030118091201400_R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.2987\/18-6739.1","article-title":"Distribution of Haemagogus and Sabethes Species in Relation to Forest Cover and Climatic Factors in the Chapada Dos Guimar\u00e3es National Park, State of Mato Grosso, 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