{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T08:12:35Z","timestamp":1787645555309,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","funder":[{"name":"Center for Research on Influenza Pathogenesis and Transmission","award":["75N93021C00014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["75N93021C00014"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["306369\/2019-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["306369\/2019-2"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"NIAID Center of Excellence on Influenza Research","award":["75N93021C00014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["75N93021C00014"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Division of Intramural Research (DIR) of the NIAID\/NIH"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,17]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Influenza A virus (IAV) circulation patterns differ in North America and South America, with influenza seasons often characterized by different subtypes and strains. However, South America is relatively undersampled considering the size of its population. To address this gap, we sequenced the complete genomes of 220 IAVs collected between 2009 and 2016 from hospitalized patients in southern Brazil. New genetic drift variants were introduced into southern Brazil each season from a global gene pool, including four H3N2 clades (3c, 3c2, 3c3, and 3c2a) and five H1N1pdm clades (clades 6, 7, 6b, 6c, and 6b1). In 2016, H1N1pdm viruses belonging to a new 6b1 clade caused a severe influenza epidemic in southern Brazil that arrived early and spread rapidly, peaking mid-autumn. Inhibition assays showed that the A\/California\/07\/2009(H1N1) vaccine strain did not protect well against 6b1 viruses. Phylogenetically, most 6b1 sequences that circulated in southern Brazil belong to a single transmission cluster that rapidly diffused across susceptible populations, leading to the highest levels of influenza hospitalization and mortality seen since the 2009 pandemic. Continuous genomic surveillance is needed to monitor rapidly evolving IAVs for vaccine strain selection and understand their epidemiological impact in understudied regions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/ve\/vead027","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,25]],"date-time":"2023-04-25T19:44:02Z","timestamp":1682451842000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Tracking the emergence of antigenic variants in influenza A virus epidemics in Brazil"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Tara K","family":"Pillai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Systems Genomics Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH , 50 South Drive, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katherine E","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Systems Genomics Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH , 50 South Drive, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA"},{"name":"Department of Biology, Center for Genomics & Systems Biology, New York University , 12 Waverly Place, New York, NY 10003, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timothy","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Center for Genomics & Systems Biology, New York University , 12 Waverly Place, New York, NY 10003, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tatiana S","family":"Gregianini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio Central de Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica, Centro Estadual de Vigil\u00e2ncia em Sa\u00fade da Secretaria de Sa\u00fade do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul\u2014LACEN\/CEVS\/SES-RS , Av. 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