{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T06:36:07Z","timestamp":1790750167690,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,11]],"date-time":"2023-11-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1699660800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":133,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,28]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>In the future, zoonotic spillover events are expected to occur more frequently. Consequences of such events have clearly been demonstrated by recent outbreaks of monkeypox, Ebola virus, and the well-known severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Virus discovery has proven to be an important tool in the preparation against viral outbreaks, generating data concerning the diversity, quantity, and ecology of the vertebrate virome. Orthoparamyxoviruses, a subfamily within the Paramyxoviridae, are important biosurveillance targets, since they include several known animal, human, and zoonotic pathogens such as Nipah virus, measles virus, and Hendra virus. During this study, 127 bat samples, thirty-four rodent samples, and seventeen shrew samples originating from Belgium were screened for orthoparamyxovirus presence using nested reverse transcription\u2013polymerase chain reaction assays and nanopore sequencing. We present here the complete genomes of six putative new viral species, belonging to the genera Jeilongvirus and Henipavirus. Characterization of these genomes revealed significant differences in gene composition and organization, both within viruses of the same genus and between viruses of different genera. Remarkably, a previously undetected gene coding for a protein of unknown function was identified in the genome of a putative new Henipavirus. Additionally, phylogenetic analysis of jeilongviruses and henipaviruses reveals a division of both genera into two clades, one consisting of bat-borne viruses and the other consisting of rodent- and shrew-borne viruses, elucidating the need for proper reclassification.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/ve\/vead065","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,12]],"date-time":"2023-11-12T09:29:52Z","timestamp":1699781392000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Discovery and\u00a0genome characterization of\u00a0six new orthoparamyxoviruses in\u00a0small Belgian mammals"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9397-5549","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marie","family":"Horemans","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica","family":"Van Bets","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Laboratory of Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven , Herestraat 49\/Box 1040, Leuven BE3000, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tibe","family":"Joly Maes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Laboratory of Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven , Herestraat 49\/Box 1040, Leuven BE3000, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4571-5232","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Piet","family":"Maes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Laboratory of Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven , Herestraat 49\/Box 1040, Leuven BE3000, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8350-4356","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bert","family":"Vanmechelen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Laboratory of Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven , Herestraat 49\/Box 1040, Leuven BE3000, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023112820341659600_R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1967","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-019-04247-4","article-title":"Taxonomy of\u00a0the Order Mononegavirales: Update 2019","volume":"164","author":"Amarasinghe","year":"2019","journal-title":"Archives of Virology"},{"key":"2023112820341659600_R2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4822","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.67.8.4822-4830.1993","article-title":"The Rule of\u00a0Six, a Basic Feature for\u00a0Efficient Replication of\u00a0Sendai Virus Defective Interfering RNA","volume":"67","author":"Calain","year":"1993","journal-title":"Journal of Virology"},{"key":"2023112820341659600_R3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1972","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btp348","article-title":"trimAl: A Tool for\u00a0Automated Alignment Trimming in\u00a0Large-scale Phylogenetic Analyses","volume":"25","author":"Capella-Guti\u00e9rrez","year":"2009","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"2023112820341659600_R4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"872","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aap7463","article-title":"The Global Virome Project","volume":"359","author":"Carroll","year":"2018","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2023112820341659600_R5","article-title":"Nipah Virus (NiV)","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)","year":"2022"},{"key":"2023112820341659600_R10","article-title":"Hendra Virus Disease","year":"2022"},{"key":"2023112820341659600_R6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2017.05.004","article-title":"Structure and\u00a0Organization of\u00a0Paramyxovirus Particles","volume":"24","author":"Cox","year":"2017","journal-title":"Current Opinion in Virology"},{"key":"2023112820341659600_R7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2148-7-214","article-title":"BEAST: Bayesian Evolutionary Analysis by Sampling Trees","volume":"7","author":"Drummond","year":"2007","journal-title":"BMC Evolutionary Biology"},{"key":"2023112820341659600_R8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.20506\/rst.36.2.2669","article-title":"Viral Discovery as a Tool for\u00a0Pandemic Preparedness","volume":"36","author":"Epstein","year":"2017","journal-title":"Revue Scientifique et Technique de l'OIE"},{"key":"2023112820341659600_R9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s13073-015-0220-9","article-title":"Rapid Metagenomic Identification of\u00a0Viral Pathogens in\u00a0Clinical Samples by Real-Time Nanopore Sequencing Analysis","volume":"7","author":"Greninger","year":"2015","journal-title":"Genome Medicine"},{"key":"2023112820341659600_R11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1160","DOI":"10.1093\/bib\/bbx108","article-title":"MAFFT Online Service: Multiple Sequence Alignment, Interactive Sequence Choice and\u00a0Visualization","volume":"20","author":"Katoh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Briefings in Bioinformatics"},{"key":"2023112820341659600_R12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"722","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.215087.116","article-title":"Canu: Scalable and\u00a0Accurate Long-read Assembly via Adaptive K-mer Weighting and\u00a0Repeat Separation","volume":"27","author":"Koren","year":"2017","journal-title":"Genome Research"},{"key":"2023112820341659600_R13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0038688","article-title":"Novel Paramyxoviruses in\u00a0Free-Ranging European Bats","volume":"7","author":"Kurth","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2023112820341659600_R14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.01098-21","article-title":"Evolution and\u00a0Diversity of\u00a0Bat and\u00a0Rodent Paramyxoviruses from North America","volume":"96","author":"Larsen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Virology"},{"key":"2023112820341659600_R15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12504","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1509476112","article-title":"Type II Integral Membrane Protein, TM of\u00a0J Paramyxovirus Promotes Cell-to-Cell Fusion","volume":"112","author":"Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"},{"key":"2023112820341659600_R16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1038\/d41586-022-02175-z","article-title":"New \u201cLangya\u201d Virus Identified in\u00a0China: What Scientists Know So Far","volume":"608","author":"Mallapaty","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2023112820341659600_R17","first-page":"147","article-title":"Structural and\u00a0Functional Properties of\u00a0Viral Membrane Proteins","author":"Ou","year":"2018","journal-title":"Advances in Membrane Proteins"},{"key":"2023112820341659600_R18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12864-020-6557-5","article-title":"Comparison of\u00a0the Performance of\u00a0an Amplicon Sequencing Assay Based on\u00a0Oxford Nanopore Technology to Real-Time PCR Assays for\u00a0Detecting Bacterial Biodefense Pathogens","volume":"21","author":"Player","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC 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Virology"},{"key":"2023112820341659600_R22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1007\/s10528-011-9487-8","article-title":"Molecular Identification of\u00a0Small Mammal Species Using Novel Cytochrome B Gene-derived Degenerated Primers","volume":"50","author":"Schlegel","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biochemical Genetics"},{"key":"2023112820341659600_R23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virs.2023.01.002","article-title":"Discovery and\u00a0Characterization of\u00a0Novel Paramyxoviruses from Bat Samples in\u00a0China","volume":"38","author":"Su","year":"2023","journal-title":"Virologica Sinica"},{"key":"2023112820341659600_R24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.28173","article-title":"Tip of\u00a0the Iceberg: Emergence of\u00a0Langya Virus in\u00a0the Postpandemic World","volume":"95","author":"Taseen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Medical 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Orthoparamyxovirinae","volume":"8","author":"Vanmechelen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Virus Evolution"},{"key":"2023112820341659600_R28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1977","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-022-05500-z","article-title":"Classification of\u00a0New Morbillivirus and\u00a0Jeilongvirus Sequences from Bats Sampled in\u00a0Brazil and\u00a0Malaysia","volume":"167","author":"Wells","year":"2022","journal-title":"Archives of Virology"},{"key":"2023112820341659600_R29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1099\/mgen.0.000132","article-title":"Completing Bacterial Genome Assemblies with Multiplex MinION Sequencing","volume":"3","author":"Wick","year":"2017","journal-title":"Microbial Genomics"},{"key":"2023112820341659600_R30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1064","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2006.131022","article-title":"Novel Henipa-like Virus, Mojiang Paramyxovirus, in\u00a0Rats, China, 2012","volume":"20","author":"Wu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Emerging Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"2023112820341659600_R31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc2202705","article-title":"A Zoonotic Henipavirus in\u00a0Febrile Patients in\u00a0China","volume":"387","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"New England Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"2023112820341659600_R32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/v14020288","article-title":"Discovery and\u00a0Evolutionary Analysis of\u00a0a Novel Bat-Borne Paramyxovirus","volume":"14","author":"Zhu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Viruses"}],"container-title":["Virus Evolution"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ve\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/ve\/vead065\/53302617\/vead065.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ve\/article-pdf\/9\/2\/vead065\/53897104\/vead065.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ve\/article-pdf\/9\/2\/vead065\/53897104\/vead065.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,28]],"date-time":"2023-11-28T20:34:58Z","timestamp":1701203698000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ve\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/ve\/vead065\/7408690"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,1]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,28]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ve\/vead065","relation":{},"ISSN":["2057-1577"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2057-1577","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,1]]},"article-number":"vead065"}}