{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T17:43:52Z","timestamp":1790790232554,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":88,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]],"date-time":"2024-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706745600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":31,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004040","name":"KU Leuven","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["C14\/18\/094"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["C14\/18\/094"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004040","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Research Foundation","award":["G051322N G098321N G0B9317N G0D5117N G0E1420N"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["G051322N G098321N G0B9317N G0D5117N G0E1420N"]}]},{"name":"United States government"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004040","name":"KU Leuven","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["C14\/18\/094"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["C14\/18\/094"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004040","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Research Foundation","award":["G051322N G098321N G0B9317N G0D5117N G0E1420N"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["G051322N G098321N G0B9317N G0D5117N G0E1420N"]}]},{"name":"United States government"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,17]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Infection by hepatitis B virus (HBV) is responsible for approximately 296 million chronic cases of hepatitis B, and roughly 880,000 deaths annually. The global burden of HBV is distributed unevenly, largely owing to the heterogeneous geographic distribution of its subtypes, each of which demonstrates different severity and responsiveness to antiviral therapy. It is therefore crucial to the global public health response to HBV that the spatiotemporal spread of each genotype is well characterized. In this study, we describe a collection of 133 newly sequenced HBV strains from recent African immigrants upon their arrival in Belgium. We incorporate these sequences\u2014all of which we determine to come from genotypes A, D, and E\u2014into a large-scale phylogeographic study with genomes sampled across the globe. We focus on investigating the spatio-temporal processes shaping the evolutionary history of the three genotypes we observe. We incorporate several recently published ancient HBV genomes for genotypes A and D to aid our analysis. We show that different spatio-temporal processes underlie the A, D, and E genotypes with the former two having originated in southeastern Asia, after which they spread across the world. The HBV E genotype is estimated to have originated in Africa, after which it spread to Europe and the Americas. Our results highlight the use of phylogeographic reconstruction as a tool to understand the recent spatiotemporal dynamics of HBV, and highlight the importance of supporting vulnerable populations in accordance with the needs presented by specific HBV genotypes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/ve\/veae009","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]],"date-time":"2024-02-01T16:11:36Z","timestamp":1706803896000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Contemporary and historical human migration patterns shape hepatitis B virus diversity"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Barney I","family":"Potter","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Rega Institute, Laboratory for Clinical and Epidemiological Virology , Herestraat 49, Leuven BE-3000, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marijn","family":"Thijssen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Rega Institute, Laboratory for Clinical and Epidemiological Virology , Herestraat 49, Leuven BE-3000, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2106-1166","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"N\u00eddia Sequeira","family":"Trov\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of International Epidemiology and Population Studies, Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD 20892, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Pineda-Pe\u00f1a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Health and Tropical Medicine, GHTM, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, IHMT; Universidade Nova de Lisboa, UNL , Portugal Rua da Junqueira No 100, Lisbon 1349-008, Portugal"},{"name":"Molecular Biology and Immunology Department, Fundacion Instituto de Inmunolog\u00eda de Colombia (FIDIC); Faculty of Animal Science, Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientales (U.D.C.A.) , Avenida 50 No. 26-20, Bogota 0609, Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marijke","family":"Reynders","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical Microbiology, AZ Sint-Jan Brugge-Oostende AV , Ruddershove 10, Bruges B-8000, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Mina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nonis Lab Microbiology\u2014Virology Unit , Gregori Afxentiou 5, Limassol 4003, Cyprus"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carolina","family":"Alvarez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Rega Institute, Laboratory for Clinical and Epidemiological Virology , Herestraat 49, Leuven BE-3000, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samad","family":"Amini-Bavil-Olyaee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cellular Sciences Department, Process Virology, Amgen Inc. , One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frederik","family":"Nevens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Leuven , KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, Leuven 3000, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4571-5232","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Piet","family":"Maes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Rega Institute, Laboratory for Clinical and Epidemiological Virology , Herestraat 49, Leuven BE-3000, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2826-5353","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Philippe","family":"Lemey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Rega Institute, Laboratory for Clinical and Epidemiological Virology , Herestraat 49, Leuven BE-3000, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marc","family":"Van Ranst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Rega Institute, Laboratory for Clinical and Epidemiological Virology , Herestraat 49, Leuven BE-3000, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1915-7732","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guy","family":"Baele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Rega Institute, Laboratory for Clinical and Epidemiological Virology , Herestraat 49, Leuven BE-3000, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4620-6453","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mahmoud Reza","family":"Pourkarim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Rega Institute, Laboratory for Clinical and Epidemiological Virology , Herestraat 49, Leuven BE-3000, Belgium"},{"name":"Health Policy Research Centre, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz 71348-14336, Iran"},{"name":"Blood Transfusion Research Centre, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion , Hemmat Exp.Way, Tehran 14665-1157, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024052212225884200_R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2020.07.019","article-title":"GEHEP 010 Study: Prevalence and Distribution of Hepatitis B Virus Genotypes in Spain (2000\u20132016)","volume":"81","author":"Aguilera","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Infection"},{"key":"2024052212225884200_R2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2019.104051","article-title":"Molecular Epidemiology, Phylogenetic Analysis and Genotype Distribution of Hepatitis B Virus in Saudi Arabia: Predominance of Genotype D1","volume":"77","author":"Al-Qahtani","year":"2020","journal-title":"Infection, Genetics and Evolution : Journal of Molecular Epidemiology and Evolutionary Genetics in Infectious 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