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In the ecosystem of a human (or any animal) there are more species of viruses than simply those directly infecting the animal cells. Viruses can infect all organisms constituting the microbiome, including bacteria, fungi, and unicellular parasites. Thus the complexity of possible interactions between host, microbe, and viruses is unfathomable. To understand this interaction network we must employ computationally assisted virology as a means of analyzing and interpreting the millions of available samples to make inferences about the ways in which viruses may intersect human health. From a computational viral screen of human neuronal datasets, we identified a novel narnavirus Apocryptovirus odysseus (Ao) which likely infects the neurotropic parasite Toxoplasma gondii. Previously, several parasitic protozoan viruses (PPVs) have been mechanistically established as triggers of host innate responses, and here we present in silico evidence that Ao is a plausible pro-inflammatory factor in human and mouse cells infected by T. gondii. T. gondii infects billions of people worldwide, yet the prognosis of toxoplasmosis disease is highly variable, and PPVs like Ao could function as a hitherto undescribed hypervirulence factor. In a broader screen of over 7.6 million samples, we explored phylogenetically proximal viruses to Ao and discovered nineteen Apocryptovirus species, all found in libraries annotated as vertebrate transcriptome or metatranscriptomes. While samples containing this genus of narnaviruses are derived from sheep, goat, bat, rabbit, chicken, and pigeon samples, the presence of virus is strongly predictive of parasitic Apicomplexa nucleic acid co-occurrence, supporting the fact that Apocryptovirus is a genus of parasite-infecting viruses. This is a computational proof-of-concept study in which we rapidly analyze millions of datasets from which we distilled a mechanistically, ecologically, and phylogenetically refined hypothesis. We predict that this highly diverged Ao RNA virus is biologically a T. gondii infection, and that Ao, and other viruses like it, will modulate this disease which afflicts billions worldwide.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/ve\/veae040","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,11]],"date-time":"2024-05-11T07:00:55Z","timestamp":1715410855000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["A parasite odyssey: An RNA virus concealed in <i>Toxoplasma gondii<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-8855-9215","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Purav","family":"Gupta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Woodlands Secondary School , 3225 Erindale Station Rd,Mississauga, ON L5C 1Y5, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto , 1 King\u2019s College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada"},{"name":"The Donnelly Centre for Cellular + Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto , 160 College St, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada"},{"name":"The Woodlands Secondary School , 3225 Erindale Station Rd, Mississauga, ON L5C 1Y5, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-0441-9748","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aiden","family":"Hiller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto , 1 King\u2019s College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada"},{"name":"The Donnelly Centre for Cellular + Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto , 160 College St, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada"},{"name":"The Woodlands Secondary School , 3225 Erindale Station Rd, Mississauga, ON L5C 1Y5, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jawad","family":"Chowdhury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto , 1 King\u2019s College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada"},{"name":"The Donnelly Centre for Cellular + Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto , 160 College St, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada"},{"name":"The Woodlands Secondary School , 3225 Erindale Station Rd, Mississauga, ON L5C 1Y5, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-5485-2311","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Declan","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto , 1 King\u2019s College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada"},{"name":"The Donnelly Centre for Cellular + Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto , 160 College St, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada"},{"name":"The Woodlands Secondary School , 3225 Erindale Station Rd, Mississauga, ON L5C 1Y5, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3619-2548","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dillon Yee","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Woodlands Secondary School , 3225 Erindale Station Rd, Mississauga, ON L5C 1Y5, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford , Sherrington Building, Sherrington Road, Oxford, Oxfordshire, OX1 3PT, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeroen P J","family":"Saeij","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Woodlands Secondary School , 3225 Erindale Station Rd, Mississauga, ON L5C 1Y5, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California , 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4315-6262","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Artem","family":"Babaian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto , 1 King\u2019s College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada"},{"name":"The Donnelly Centre for Cellular + Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto , 160 College St, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada"},{"name":"The Woodlands Secondary School , 3225 Erindale Station Rd, Mississauga, ON L5C 1Y5, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Felipe","family":"Rodriguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Woodlands Secondary School , 3225 Erindale Station Rd, Mississauga, ON L5C 1Y5, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California , 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-1526-9040","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luke","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto , 1 King\u2019s College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, 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