{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T10:52:06Z","timestamp":1789815126934,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,14]],"date-time":"2024-09-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1726272000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":257,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Shenzhen-Hong Kong Science and Technology Cooperation Zone","award":["HZQB-KCZYZ-2021014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HZQB-KCZYZ-2021014"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BAA-NIAID-DMID-NIHAI2012001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BAA-NIAID-DMID-NIHAI2012001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Department of Science and Technology of Guangdong, China","award":["2019B121205009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019B121205009"]}]},{"name":"Department of Science and Technology of Shantou, China","award":["190824215544727 190830095586328"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["190824215544727 190830095586328"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003452","name":"Innovation and Technology Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["InnoHK fund (AIR)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["InnoHK fund (AIR)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003452","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Shenzhen-Hong Kong Science and Technology Cooperation Zone","award":["HZQB-KCZYZ-2021014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HZQB-KCZYZ-2021014"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BAA-NIAID-DMID-NIHAI2012001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BAA-NIAID-DMID-NIHAI2012001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Department of Science and Technology of Guangdong, China","award":["2019B121205009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019B121205009"]}]},{"name":"Department of Science and Technology of Shantou, China","award":["190824215544727 190830095586328"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["190824215544727 190830095586328"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003452","name":"Innovation and Technology Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["InnoHK fund (AIR)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["InnoHK fund (AIR)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003452","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,17]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Geese, both wild and domestic, are generally considered part of the natural reservoir for influenza A viruses. The highly pathogenic H5 Goose\/Guangdong avian influenza virus lineage that is still causing outbreaks worldwide was first detected in domestic geese in 1996. However, while wild geese might have a somewhat restricted role in the influenza ecosystem, the role of domestic geese is little studied. Here, 109 H6 viruses isolated from domestic geese during 2001\u20132018 in southern China had their phylogeny, evolutionary dynamics, and molecular signatures characterized to examine the role of domestic geese. Our findings demonstrated that all geese H6 viruses were derived from H6 viruses established in ducks and that they subsequently formed three distinct hemagglutinin lineages. Rapid evolution of the hemagglutinin genes was not detected after the duck-to-goose transmissions of H6 viruses that then circulated in geese. Despite long-term persistence in geese, H6 viruses were rarely observed to transmit back to ducks or terrestrial poultry and never exchanged genes with viruses from other subtypes. Most geese H6 viruses maintained the primary molecular signatures of their duck precursors. This study raises the possibility that, rather than being part of the natural reservoir, domestic geese might be more like an aberrant host species for influenza A viruses, and perhaps a \u201cdead-end\u201d host.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/ve\/veae075","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,14]],"date-time":"2024-09-14T10:14:53Z","timestamp":1726308893000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Evolutionary characterization of the establishment of H6 influenza viruses in domestic geese in China: implications for the position of the host in the ecosystem"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Liuxia","family":"Peng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases\/Joint Laboratory for International Collaboration in Virology and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Joint Institute of Virology (STU\/HKU), Shantou University Medical College, Shantou University , 243 Daxue Road, Shantou, Guangdong 515063,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ziying","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases (SKLEID), School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR,","place":["China"]},{"name":"EKIH (Gewuzhikang) Pathogen Research Institute , Shenzhen, Guangdong 518045,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peiwen","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases\/Joint Laboratory for International Collaboration in Virology and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Joint Institute of Virology (STU\/HKU), Shantou University Medical College, Shantou University , 243 Daxue Road, Shantou, Guangdong 515063,","place":["China"]},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases (SKLEID), School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR,","place":["China"]},{"name":"EKIH (Gewuzhikang) Pathogen Research Institute , Shenzhen, Guangdong 518045,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zengfeng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Guangxi Medical University , 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi 530021,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaohui","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Guangxi Medical University , 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi 530021,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenshan","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases\/Joint Laboratory for International Collaboration in Virology and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Joint Institute of Virology (STU\/HKU), Shantou University Medical College, Shantou University , 243 Daxue Road, Shantou, Guangdong 515063,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yongmei","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases\/Joint Laboratory for International Collaboration in Virology and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Joint Institute of Virology (STU\/HKU), Shantou University Medical College, Shantou University , 243 Daxue Road, Shantou, Guangdong 515063,","place":["China"]},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases (SKLEID), School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR,","place":["China"]},{"name":"EKIH (Gewuzhikang) Pathogen Research Institute , Shenzhen, Guangdong 518045,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Laboratory of Data Discovery for Health , 19W Hong Kong Science & Technology Parks, Hong Kong SAR,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David K","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases (SKLEID), School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Laboratory of Data Discovery for Health , 19W Hong Kong Science & Technology Parks, Hong Kong SAR,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0053-3969","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"William Yiu-Man","family":"Cheung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases\/Joint Laboratory for International Collaboration in Virology and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Joint Institute of Virology (STU\/HKU), Shantou University Medical College, Shantou University , 243 Daxue Road, Shantou, Guangdong 515063,","place":["China"]},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases (SKLEID), School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR,","place":["China"]},{"name":"EKIH (Gewuzhikang) Pathogen Research Institute , Shenzhen, Guangdong 518045,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Laboratory of Data Discovery for Health , 19W Hong Kong Science & Technology Parks, Hong Kong SAR,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jia","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases\/Joint Laboratory for International Collaboration in Virology and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Joint Institute of Virology (STU\/HKU), Shantou University Medical College, Shantou University , 243 Daxue Road, Shantou, Guangdong 515063,","place":["China"]},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases (SKLEID), School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2711-0501","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Huachen","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases\/Joint Laboratory for International Collaboration in Virology and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Joint Institute of Virology (STU\/HKU), Shantou University Medical College, Shantou University , 243 Daxue Road, Shantou, Guangdong 515063,","place":["China"]},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases (SKLEID), School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR,","place":["China"]},{"name":"EKIH (Gewuzhikang) Pathogen Research Institute , Shenzhen, Guangdong 518045,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Laboratory of Data Discovery for Health , 19W Hong Kong Science & Technology Parks, Hong Kong SAR,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9769-1527","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tommy Tsan-Yuk","family":"Lam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases\/Joint Laboratory for International Collaboration in Virology and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Joint Institute of Virology (STU\/HKU), Shantou University Medical College, Shantou University , 243 Daxue Road, Shantou, Guangdong 515063,","place":["China"]},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases (SKLEID), School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR,","place":["China"]},{"name":"EKIH (Gewuzhikang) Pathogen Research Institute , Shenzhen, Guangdong 518045,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Laboratory of Data Discovery for Health , 19W Hong Kong Science & Technology Parks, Hong Kong SAR,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Guan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases\/Joint Laboratory for International Collaboration in Virology and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Joint Institute of Virology (STU\/HKU), Shantou University Medical College, Shantou University , 243 Daxue Road, Shantou, Guangdong 515063,","place":["China"]},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases (SKLEID), School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR,","place":["China"]},{"name":"EKIH (Gewuzhikang) Pathogen Research Institute , Shenzhen, Guangdong 518045,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Laboratory of Data Discovery for Health , 19W Hong Kong Science & Technology Parks, Hong Kong SAR,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Shanghai Institute of Virology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , 227 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai 200225,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025010706310855300_R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msad041","article-title":"Beginner\u2019s guide on the use of PAML to detect positive selection","volume":"40","author":"Alvarez-Carretero","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol Biol Evol"},{"key":"2025010706310855300_R2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2009.05.002","article-title":"Gene flow and competitive exclusion of avian influenza A virus in natural reservoir hosts","volume":"390","author":"Bahl","year":"2009","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"2025010706310855300_R3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.1007\/s007050170128","article-title":"Changes in the haemagglutinin and the neuraminidase genes prior to the emergence of highly pathogenic H7N1 avian influenza viruses in Italy","volume":"146","author":"Banks","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arch Virol"},{"key":"2025010706310855300_R4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"810","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2016.10.022","article-title":"Genesis, evolution and prevalence of H5N6 avian influenza viruses in China","volume":"20","author":"Bi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"2025010706310855300_R5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-19671-3","article-title":"Dominant subtype switch in avian influenza viruses during 2016-2019 in China","volume":"11","author":"Bi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"2025010706310855300_R6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.00434-23","article-title":"Characterization of an emergent chicken H3N8 Influenza Virus in Southern China: a Potential Threat to Public Health","volume":"97","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"2025010706310855300_R7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2336","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msl102","article-title":"Avian influenza virus exhibits rapid evolutionary dynamics","volume":"23","author":"Chen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mol Biol Evol"},{"key":"2025010706310855300_R8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10402","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01157-07","article-title":"Establishment of influenza A virus (H6N1) in minor poultry species in southern China","volume":"81","author":"Cheung","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"2025010706310855300_R9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2009.06.016","article-title":"Identifying the species-origin of faecal droppings used for avian influenza virus surveillance in wild-birds","volume":"46","author":"Cheung","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Clin Virol"},{"key":"2025010706310855300_R10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"D67","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkv1276","article-title":"GenBank","volume":"44","author":"Clark","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"2025010706310855300_R11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-77011-1_6","article-title":"Evolutionary processes in influenza viruses: divergence, rapid evolution, and stasis","volume":"176","author":"Gorman","year":"1992","journal-title":"Curr Top Microbiol Immunol"},{"key":"2025010706310855300_R12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1111\/brv.12045","article-title":"Ecosystem services provided by waterbirds","volume":"89","author":"Green","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc"},{"key":"2025010706310855300_R13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1006\/viro.2001.1207","article-title":"H5N1 influenza viruses isolated from geese in Southeastern China: evidence for genetic reassortment and interspecies transmission to ducks","volume":"292","author":"Guan","year":"2002","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"2025010706310855300_R14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1111\/2041-210X.12628","article-title":"ggtree: an rpackage for visualization and annotation of phylogenetic trees with their covariates and other associated data","volume":"8","author":"Guangchuang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Meth Ecol Evolut"},{"key":"2025010706310855300_R15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1006\/viro.1999.0115","article-title":"Characterization of the pathogenicity of members of the newly established H9N2 influenza virus lineages in Asia","volume":"267","author":"Guo","year":"2000","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"2025010706310855300_R16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2275","DOI":"10.1007\/s007050170002","article-title":"Universal primer set for the full-length amplification of all influenza A viruses","volume":"146","author":"Hoffmann","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arch Virol"},{"key":"2025010706310855300_R17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0706.2010.18961.x","article-title":"Reconstructing an annual cycle of interaction: natural infection and antibody dynamics to avian influenza along a migratory flyway","volume":"120","author":"Hoye","year":"2010","journal-title":"Oikos"},{"key":"2025010706310855300_R18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12985-020-01331-z","article-title":"Co-circulation of multiple reassortant H6 subtype avian influenza viruses in wild birds in eastern China, 2016-2017\u02b9","volume":"17","author":"Hu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Virol J"},{"key":"2025010706310855300_R19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6978","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00256-10","article-title":"Establishment of an H6N2 influenza virus lineage in domestic ducks in southern China","volume":"84","author":"Huang","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"2025010706310855300_R20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6075","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.06389-11","article-title":"Establishment and lineage replacement of H6 influenza viruses in domestic ducks in southern China","volume":"86","author":"Huang","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"2025010706310855300_R21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1637\/7555-033106R1.1","article-title":"Avian influenza virus screening in wild waterfowl in Norway, 2005\u02b9","volume":"51","author":"Jonassen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Avian Dis"},{"key":"2025010706310855300_R22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"772","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/mst010","article-title":"MAFFT multiple sequence alignment software version 7: improvements in performance and usability","volume":"30","author":"Katoh","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol Biol Evol"},{"key":"2025010706310855300_R23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2041","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2010.0026","article-title":"Dynamics and ecological consequences of avian influenza virus infection in greater white-fronted geese in their winter staging areas","volume":"277","author":"Kleijn","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc Biol Sci"},{"key":"2025010706310855300_R24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1208","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msi105","article-title":"Not so different after all: a comparison of methods for detecting amino acid sites under selection","volume":"22","author":"Kosakovsky Pond","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mol Biol Evol"},{"key":"2025010706310855300_R25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12515","article-title":"The genesis and source of the H7N9 influenza viruses causing human infections in China","volume":"502","author":"Lam","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2025010706310855300_R26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1111\/tbed.13037","article-title":"Continued reassortment of avian H6 influenza viruses from Southern China, 2014-2016","volume":"66","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Transbound Emerg Dis"},{"key":"2025010706310855300_R27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17175","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0906849106","article-title":"Structures of receptor complexes formed by hemagglutinins from the Asian Influenza pandemic of 1957\u02b9","volume":"106","author":"Liu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"2025010706310855300_R28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-17740-0","article-title":"Surveillance of live poultry markets for low pathogenic avian Influenza viruses in Guangxi Province, Southern China, from 2012-2015\u02b9","volume":"7","author":"Luo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2025010706310855300_R29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3534","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.03167-14","article-title":"Emergence and evolution of H10 subtype influenza viruses in poultry in China","volume":"89","author":"Ma","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"2025010706310855300_R30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1196","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/mst030","article-title":"FUBAR: a fast, unconstrained bayesian approximation for inferring selection","volume":"30","author":"Murrell","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol Biol Evol"},{"key":"2025010706310855300_R31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1002764","article-title":"Detecting individual sites subject to episodic diversifying selection","volume":"8","author":"Murrell","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS Genet"},{"key":"2025010706310855300_R32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msu300","article-title":"IQ-TREE: a fast and effective stochastic algorithm for estimating maximum-likelihood phylogenies","volume":"32","author":"Nguyen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol Biol Evol"},{"key":"2025010706310855300_R33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1122438","article-title":"Global patterns of influenza a virus in wild birds","volume":"312","author":"Olsen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2025010706310855300_R34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2018.07.023","article-title":"Molecular epidemiological survey and complete genomic phylogenetic analysis of H6 subtype avian influenza viruses in poultry in China from 2011 to 2016\u02b9","volume":"65","author":"Peng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Infect Genet Evol"},{"key":"2025010706310855300_R35","article-title":"Estimating selection pressures on alignments of coding sequences Analyses using HyPhy","author":"Pond","year":"2007"},{"key":"2025010706310855300_R36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0009490","article-title":"FastTree 2\u2014approximately maximum-likelihood trees for large alignments","volume":"5","author":"Price","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2025010706310855300_R37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00921-17","article-title":"Emergence and adaptation of a novel highly pathogenic H7N9 Influenza virus in birds and humans from a 2013 human-infecting low-pathogenic ancestor","volume":"92","author":"Qi","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"2025010706310855300_R38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1851","DOI":"10.1890\/14-1820.1","article-title":"The dynamics of avian influenza in Lesser Snow Geese: implications for annual and migratory infection patterns","volume":"25","author":"Samuel","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ecol Appl"},{"key":"2025010706310855300_R39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1409","DOI":"10.1038\/cr.2017.129","article-title":"H7N9 virulent mutants detected in chickens in China pose an increased threat to humans","volume":"27","author":"Shi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Res"},{"key":"2025010706310855300_R40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2005.05.013","article-title":"Phylogenetic analyses of type A influenza genes in natural reservoir species in North America reveals genetic variation","volume":"114","author":"Spackman","year":"2005","journal-title":"Virus Res"},{"key":"2025010706310855300_R41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-1135(00)00161-9","article-title":"Evolution of avian influenza viruses","volume":"74","author":"Suarez","year":"2000","journal-title":"Vet Microbiol"},{"key":"2025010706310855300_R42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ve\/vey016","article-title":"Bayesian phylogenetic and phylodynamic data integration using BEAST 1.10\u02b9","volume":"4","author":"Suchard","year":"2018","journal-title":"Virus Evol"},{"key":"2025010706310855300_R43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.20506\/rst.19.2.1230","article-title":"Highly pathogenic avian influenza","volume":"19","author":"Swayne","year":"2000","journal-title":"Rev Sci Tech"},{"key":"2025010706310855300_R44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1661","DOI":"10.15252\/embj.201590960","article-title":"Adaptation of avian influenza A (H6N1) virus from avian to human receptor-binding preference","volume":"34","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"EMBO J"},{"key":"2025010706310855300_R45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.1637\/0005-2086-47.s3.905","article-title":"Multiple genotypes of nonpathogenic H6N2 influenza viruses isolated from chickens in California","volume":"47","author":"Webby","year":"2003","journal-title":"Avian Dis"},{"key":"2025010706310855300_R46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1128\/mr.56.1.152-179.1992","article-title":"Evolution and ecology of influenza A viruses","volume":"56","author":"Webster","year":"1992","journal-title":"Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"2025010706310855300_R47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8771","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.78.16.8771-8779.2004","article-title":"Matrix gene of influenza A viruses isolated from wild aquatic birds: ecology and emergence of influenza A viruses","volume":"78","author":"Widjaja","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"2025010706310855300_R48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a038489","article-title":"The ecology and evolution of influenza viruses","volume":"10","author":"Wille","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med"},{"key":"2025010706310855300_R49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/22221751.2022.2151380","article-title":"Epidemiology, evolution, and biological characteristics of H6 avian influenza viruses in China","volume":"12","author":"Xu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Emerg Microbes Infect"},{"key":"2025010706310855300_R50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1006\/viro.1999.9820","article-title":"Genetic characterization of the pathogenic influenza A\/Goose\/Guangdong\/1\/96 (H5N1) virus: similarity of its hemagglutinin gene to those of H5N1 viruses from the 1997 outbreaks in Hong Kong","volume":"261","author":"Xu","year":"1999","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"2025010706310855300_R51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1586","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msm088","article-title":"PAML 4: phylogenetic analysis by maximum likelihood","volume":"24","author":"Yang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mol Biol Evol"},{"key":"2025010706310855300_R52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0177790","article-title":"No evidence that migratory geese disperse avian influenza viruses from breeding to wintering ground","volume":"12","author":"Yin","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2025010706310855300_R53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1007\/82_2014_396","article-title":"Evolution and ecology of influenza A viruses","volume":"385","author":"Yoon","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr Top Microbiol Immunol"},{"key":"2025010706310855300_R54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep14170","article-title":"Dual E627K and D701N mutations in the PB2 protein of A(H7N9) influenza virus increased its virulence in mammalian models","volume":"5","author":"Zhu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci Rep"}],"container-title":["Virus Evolution"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ve\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/ve\/veae075\/59117060\/veae075.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ve\/article-pdf\/10\/1\/veae075\/59882698\/veae075.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ve\/article-pdf\/10\/1\/veae075\/59882698\/veae075.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,7]],"date-time":"2025-01-07T06:32:26Z","timestamp":1736231546000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ve\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/ve\/veae075\/7756921"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,17]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ve\/veae075","relation":{},"ISSN":["2057-1577"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2057-1577","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"article-number":"veae075"}}