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However, the pathogenesis of OAE still needs to be elucidated, as recent studies have failed to detect Onchocerca volvulus in the central nervous system of persons with OAE. Therefore, it was suggested that a potentially neurotropic virus transmitted by blackflies could play a role in triggering OAE. To investigate this hypothesis, adult blackflies were collected in an onchocerciasis-endemic area with a high OAE prevalence in the Ntui Health District, Cameroon. A viral particle-based shotgun sequencing approach was used to detect viral sequences in 55 pools of 10 blackflies. A very high abundance of viral reads was detected across multiple (novel) viral families, including viral families associated with human disease. Although no genomes closely related to known neurotropic viruses were found in the blackfly virome, the plethora of novel viruses representing novel species, genera and even families warrant further exploration for their potential to infect vertebrates. These results could serve as a first step for studying the viruses associated with the haematophagous blackfly, which also could be present in their nematode host O. volvulus. Exploring the diversity of viruses in blackflies should be included in the active surveillance of zoonotic diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/ve\/veaf024","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,5]],"date-time":"2025-04-05T04:19:21Z","timestamp":1743826761000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Cameroonian blackflies (Diptera: Simuliidae) harbour a plethora of RNA viruses"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6847-2379","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lander","family":"De Coninck","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, Laboratory of Viral Metagenomics, KU Leuven , Herestraat 49 box 1040, Leuven 3000,","place":["Belgium"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1207-5811","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amber","family":"Hadermann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Health Institute, University of Antwerp , Campus Drie Eiken, Gouverneur Kinsbergencentrum, Doornstraat 331, Antwerp 2610,","place":["Belgium"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-4771-8528","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ludovica","family":"Ingletto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, Laboratory of Viral Metagenomics, KU Leuven , Herestraat 49 box 1040, Leuven 3000,","place":["Belgium"]},{"name":"Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna Via Giuseppe Massarenti 9, Bologna 40138,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1919-1340","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert","family":"Colebunders","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Health Institute, University of Antwerp , Campus Drie Eiken, Gouverneur Kinsbergencentrum, Doornstraat 331, Antwerp 2610,","place":["Belgium"]},{"name":"Department of Tropical Disease Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine , Pembroke Place Liverpool, Liverpool L3 5QA,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kongnyu","family":"Gamnsi Njamnshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brain Research Africa Initiative (BRAIN) , Nsimeyong II P.O. 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