{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T06:28:27Z","timestamp":1784528907082,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,22]],"date-time":"2025-08-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755820800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":233,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry for University and Research","award":["2020KSY3KL_002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020KSY3KL_002"]}]},{"name":"Ministry for University and Research","award":["2022FRE3RH"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022FRE3RH"]}]},{"name":"Ministry for University and Research","award":["P20222HHXA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P20222HHXA"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003196","name":"Italian Ministry of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003196","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Betacoronaviruses (\u03b2-CoVs) display divergent mechanisms to evade host antiviral responses, yet the evolutionary origin and functional relevance of their strategies remain unclear. Stress granules (SGs), central to host defenses, are disrupted by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) nucleocapsid (N) protein via its interaction with G3BP1 mediated by an 15ITFG18 motif. This interaction inhibits SG assembly, enhancing viral replication and immune evasion. Here, we analyzed 179\u00a0N protein sequences across \u03b2-CoVs subgenera and identified the ITFG motif in sarbecoviruses but not in MERS-CoV or embecoviruses. Among tested CoVs, only SARS-CoV-2\u00a0N showed robust G3BP1 binding in vitro and in infected cells. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that the \u03a6xFG motif emerged independently in sarbecoviruses and a bat-infecting merbecovirus clade. The VGTF motif in these merbecoviruses also binds to G3BP1, suggesting convergent evolution in viral evasion strategies. The emergence of this motif was unrelated to 4a protein inactivation, another viral protein that inhibits SG formation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/ve\/veaf063","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,22]],"date-time":"2025-08-22T11:18:42Z","timestamp":1755861522000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Convergent evolution of the G3BP1-binding motif in betacoronavirus nucleocapsid proteins"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9973-2620","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cinzia","family":"Borgogna","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Virology Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale , Via Generale Solaroli 17, Novara (NO) , 28100,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ilaria","family":"Cislaghi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virology Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale , Via Generale Solaroli 17, Novara (NO) , 28100,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Turati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virology Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale , Via Generale Solaroli 17, Novara (NO) , 28100,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3911-1042","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessandra","family":"Mozzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scientific Institute IRCCS E. MEDEA, Department of Computational Biology Unit , Via Don Luigi Monza 20, Bosisio Parini (LC) , 23842,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9291-5352","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diego","family":"Forni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scientific Institute IRCCS E. MEDEA, Department of Computational Biology Unit , Via Don Luigi Monza 20, Bosisio Parini (LC) , 23842,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2670-3532","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rachele","family":"Cagliani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scientific Institute IRCCS E. MEDEA, Department of Computational Biology Unit , Via Don Luigi Monza 20, Bosisio Parini (LC) , 23842,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2267-5266","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuela","family":"Sironi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca , Via Cadore 48, Monza (MB), 20900 ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marisa","family":"Gariglio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virology Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale , Via Generale Solaroli 17, Novara (NO) , 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