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These bats are widely distributed, with 38 species recognized in Africa. Although coronaviruses have been detected in several species in Africa, there is a lack of surveillance among South African rhinolophids. This study conducted longitudinal nucleic acid surveillance for Rhinolophus spp. coronaviruses from September 2021 to January 2024 in a mixed species cave in Limpopo, South Africa, using a hemi-nested RT-PCR assay. Among the 492 gastrointestinal samples collected, alphacoronavirus RNA was detected in 29.47% of samples, with betacoronavirus RNA identified among 7.11% of samples, with excretion peaks present in spring and summer (September\u2013February). Based on GAMMs, the alphacoronavirus prevalence was strongly affected by season, total rainfall, and bat mass, whereas the betacoronavirus prevalence was influenced by forearm length, although the small sample size limits this finding. Rhinolophus acrotis contributed greatly to the interspecies sharing of alphacoronaviruses, and R. blasii was the primary origin of betacoronavirus interspecies sharing. This study expanded the known coronavirus diversity in African rhinolophids and highlighted the phylogeographic clustering of these viruses. The research emphasizes the need for more longitudinal studies involving African rhinolophids to better understand the ecological and behavioural factors that drive viral shedding for risk assessment and mitigation strategies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/ve\/veaf093","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,28]],"date-time":"2025-11-28T13:13:17Z","timestamp":1764335597000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Biosurveillance of coronaviruses in\n                    <i>Rhinolophus<\/i>\n                    bats from South Africa"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Rochelle","family":"Rademan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Viral Zoonoses, Department of Medical Virology, University of Pretoria , 5 Bophelo Road, Prinshof Campus, Pretoria, 0001,","place":["South Africa"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4005-118X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marike","family":"Geldenhuys","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Viral Zoonoses, Department of Medical Virology, University of Pretoria , 5 Bophelo Road, Prinshof Campus, Pretoria, 0001,","place":["South Africa"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Neil","family":"Mittal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences , 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine , 6720A Rockledge Drive, Suite 100, Bethesda, MD 20817,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eric D","family":"Laing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences , 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wanda","family":"Markotter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Viral Zoonoses, Department of Medical Virology, University of Pretoria , 5 Bophelo Road, Prinshof Campus, Pretoria, 0001,","place":["South Africa"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121512371431000_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.3390\/v14010113","article-title":"SARS-like coronaviruses in horseshoe bats (Rhinolophus spp.) in Russia, 2020","volume":"14","author":"Alkhovsky","year":"2022","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"2025121512371431000_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1903.121503","article-title":"Human betacoronavirus 2c EMC\/2012\u2013related viruses in bats, Ghana and Europe","volume":"19","author":"Annan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"2025121512371431000_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"vex012","DOI":"10.1093\/ve\/vex012","article-title":"Global patterns in coronavirus diversity","volume":"3","author":"Anthony","year":"2017","journal-title":"Virus Evol"},{"key":"2025121512371431000_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268810001147","article-title":"Detection of a virus related to betacoronaviruses in Italian greater horseshoe bats","volume":"139","author":"Balboni","year":"2011","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect"},{"key":"2025121512371431000_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"989514","DOI":"10.1100\/2012\/989514","article-title":"A real-time PCR assay for bat SARS-like coronavirus detection and its application to Italian greater horseshoe bat faecal sample surveys","volume":"2012","author":"Balboni","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sci World J"},{"volume-title":"Epidemiology and Ecology of Virus and Host: Bats and Coronaviruses in Ghana, West Africa. 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