{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T06:41:28Z","timestamp":1779345688340,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1997,7,1]],"date-time":"1997-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":867715200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[1997,7,1]],"date-time":"1997-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":867715200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["EMBO J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,7,1]]},"DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/16.13.4134","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,26]],"date-time":"2002-07-26T18:43:27Z","timestamp":1027709007000},"page":"4134-4141","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":100,"title":["Fast recycling of Escherichia coli ribosomes requires both ribosome recycling factor (RRF) and release factor RF3"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Michael Yu.","family":"Pavlov","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David V.","family":"Freistroffer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jane","family":"MacDougall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Richard H.","family":"Buckingham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M\u00e5ns","family":"Ehrenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1997,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFEMBJ7590389_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Adamski FM, McCaughan KK, J\u00f8rgensen F, Kurland CG and Tate WP (1994) The concentration of polypeptide chain release factors 1 and 2 at different growth rates of Escherichia coli. J Mol Biol, 238, 302\u2013308.","DOI":"10.1006\/jmbi.1994.1293"},{"key":"BFEMBJ7590389_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Adhin MR and van Duin J (1990) Scanning model for translational reinitiation in eubacteria. J Mol Biol, 213, 811\u2013818.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2836(05)80265-7"},{"key":"BFEMBJ7590389_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alatossava T, Jutte H, Kuhn A and Kellenberger E (1985) Manipulation of intracellular magnesium content in polymyxin B nonapeptide\u2010sensitized Escherichia coli by ionophore A23187. J Bacteriol, 162, 413\u2013419.","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.162.1.413-419.1985"},{"key":"BFEMBJ7590389_CR4","unstructured":"Bremer H and Dennis PP (1996) Modulation of chemical composition and other parameters of the cell by growth rate. In Neidhart,F.C. (ed.), Escherichia coli and Salmonella. 2nd edn. ASM Press, Washington DC, vol. 2, pp. 1553\u20131569."},{"key":"BFEMBJ7590389_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brunel C, Romby P, Moine H, Caillet J, Grunberg\u2010Manago M, Springer M, Ehresmann B and Ehresmann C (1993) Translational regulation of the Escherichia coli threonyl\u2010tRNA synthetase gene: structural and functional importance of the thrS operator domains. Biochimie, 75, 1167\u20131179.","DOI":"10.1016\/0300-9084(93)90016-L"},{"key":"BFEMBJ7590389_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Calogero RA, Pon CL, Canonaco MA and Gualerzi CO (1988) Selection of the mRNA translation initiation region by Escherichia coli ribosomes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 85, 6427\u20136431.","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.85.17.6427"},{"key":"BFEMBJ7590389_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Craigen WJ and Caskey CT (1987) Translational frameshifting: where will it stop? Cell, 50, 1\u20132.","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(87)90652-0"},{"key":"BFEMBJ7590389_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dahlberg JE and Haselkorn R (1967) Studies of the binding of turnip yellow mosaic virus RNA to Escherichia coli ribosomes. J Mol Biol, 24, 83\u2013104.","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-2836(67)90092-7"},{"key":"BFEMBJ7590389_CR9","unstructured":"Ehrenberg M, Bilgin N and Kurland CG (1990) Design and use of a fast and accurate in vitro translation system. In Spedding,G. (ed.), Ribosomes and Protein Synthesis\u2014A Practical Approach. IRL Press at Oxford University Press, pp. 101\u2013129."},{"key":"BFEMBJ7590389_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Freistroffer D, Pavlov M, MacDougall J, Buckingham RH and Ehrenberg M (1997) Release factor RF3 in E.coli accelerates the dissociation of release factors RF1 and RF2 from the ribosome in a GTP dependent manner. EMBO J, 16, 4126\u20134133.","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/16.13.4126"},{"key":"BFEMBJ7590389_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Frolova L et al. (1994) A highly conserved eukaryotic protein family possessing properties of polypeptide chain release factor. Nature, 372, 701\u2013703.","DOI":"10.1038\/372701a0"},{"key":"BFEMBJ7590389_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Goldstein JL and Caskey CT (1970) Peptide chain termination: effect of protein S on ribosomal binding of release factors. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 67, 537\u2013543.","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.67.2.537"},{"key":"BFEMBJ7590389_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Goldstein J, Milman G, Scolnick E and Caskey T (1970) Peptide chain termination, VI: purification and site of action of S. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 65, 430\u2013437.","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.65.2.430"},{"key":"BFEMBJ7590389_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Grant CM and Hinnebusch AG (1994) Effect of sequence context at stop codons on efficiency of reinitiation in GCN4 translational control. Mol Cell Biol, 14, 606\u2013618.","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.14.1.606"},{"key":"BFEMBJ7590389_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Grentzmann G, Brechemier\u2010Baey D, Heurgu\u00e9 V, Mora L and Buckingham RH (1994) Localisation and characterisation of the gene encoding release factor RF3 in Escherichia coli. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 91, 5848\u20135852.","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.91.13.5848"},{"key":"BFEMBJ7590389_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hirashima A and Kaji A (1970) Factor dependent breakdown of polysomes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 41, 877\u2013883.","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-291X(70)90165-8"},{"key":"BFEMBJ7590389_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hirashima A and Kaji A (1973) Role of elongation factor G and a protein factor in the release of ribosomes from messenger ribonucleic acid. J Biol Chem, 248, 7580\u20137587.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)43330-9"},{"key":"BFEMBJ7590389_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Janosi L, Shimizu I and Kaji A (1994) Ribosome recycling factor (ribosome releasing factor) is essential for bacterial growth. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 91, 4249\u20134253.","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.91.10.4249"},{"key":"BFEMBJ7590389_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Janosi L, Hara H, Zhang S and Kaji A (1996) Ribosome recycling by ribosome recycling factor (RRF)\u2014an important but overlooked step of protein synthesis. Adv Biophys, 32, 121\u2013201.","DOI":"10.1016\/0065-227X(96)84743-5"},{"key":"BFEMBJ7590389_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jelenc PC (1980) Rapid purification of highly active ribosomes from Escherichia coli. Anal Biochem, 105, 369\u2013374.","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(80)90472-8"},{"key":"BFEMBJ7590389_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jelenc PC and Kurland CG (1979) Nucleotide triphosphate regeneration decreases the frequency of translation errors. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 76, 3174\u20133178.","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.76.7.3174"},{"key":"BFEMBJ7590389_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Karimi R and Ehrenberg M (1996) Dissociation rates of peptidyl\u2010tRNA from the P\u2010site of E.coli ribosomes. EMBO J, 15, 1149\u20131154.","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1996.tb00453.x"},{"key":"BFEMBJ7590389_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Klein H and Capecchi MR (1971) Polypetide chain termination. Purification of the release factors, R1 and R2, from Escherichia coli. J Biol Chem, 246, 1055\u20131061.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)62430-5"},{"key":"BFEMBJ7590389_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Matsumura K, Ito K, Kawazu Y, Mikuni O and Nakamura Y (1996) Suppression of temperature\u2010sensitive defects of polypeptide release factors RF\u20101 and RF\u20102 by mutations or by an excess of RF\u20103 in Escherichia coli. J Mol Biol, 258, 588\u2013599.","DOI":"10.1006\/jmbi.1996.0271"},{"key":"BFEMBJ7590389_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mikuni O, Ito K, Moffat J, Matsumura K, McCaughan K, Nobukuni T, Tate W and Nakamura Y (1994) Identification of the prfC gene, which encodes peptide chain release factor 3 of Escherichia coli. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 91, 5798\u20135802.","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.91.13.5798"},{"key":"BFEMBJ7590389_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Milman G, Goldstein J, Scolnick E and Caskey T (1969) Peptide chain termination: III. Stimulation of in vitro termination. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 63, 183\u2013190.","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.63.1.183"},{"key":"BFEMBJ7590389_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nakamura Y, Ito K and Isaksson LA (1996) Emerging understanding of translation termination. Cell, 87, 147\u2013150.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)81331-8"},{"key":"BFEMBJ7590389_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pavlov MYu and Ehrenberg M (1996) Rate of translation of natural mRNAs in an optimised in vitro translation system. Arch Biochem Biophys, 328, 9\u201316.","DOI":"10.1006\/abbi.1996.0136"},{"key":"BFEMBJ7590389_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ryoji M, Berland R and Kaji A (1981) Reinitiation of translation from the triplet next to the amber termination codon in the absence of ribosome\u2010releasing factor. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 78, 5973.","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.78.10.5973"},{"key":"BFEMBJ7590389_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Soffientini A, Lorenzetti R, Gastado L, Spurio R, La Teana A and Khalid I (1994) Purification procedure for bacterial initiation factors IF1 and IF2. Expr Purif, 5, 118\u2013124.","DOI":"10.1006\/prep.1994.1018"},{"key":"BFEMBJ7590389_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tate WP and Brown CM (1992) Translational termination\u2014stop for protein synthesis or pause for regulation of gene expression. Biochemistry, 31, 2443\u20132450.","DOI":"10.1021\/bi00124a001"},{"key":"BFEMBJ7590389_CR32","unstructured":"Tate WP and Caskey CT (1990) Termination of protein synthesis. In Spedding,G. (ed.), Ribosomes and Protein Synthesis\u2014A Practical Approach. IRL Press at Oxford University Press, pp. 81\u2013100."},{"key":"BFEMBJ7590389_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tate WP and Mannering SA (1996) Three, four or more: the translational stop signal at length. Mol Microbiol, 21, 213\u2013219.","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.1996.6391352.x"},{"key":"BFEMBJ7590389_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhouravleva G, Frolova L, Le Goff X, Le Guellec R, Inge\u2010Vechtomov S, Kisselev L and Philippe M (1995) Termination of translation in eukaryotes is governed by two interacting polypeptide chain release factors, eRF1 and eRF3. EMBO J, 14, 4065\u20134072.","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1995.tb00078.x"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/16.17.5480","type":"erratum","label":"Erratum","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[1997,9,1]],"date-time":"1997-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":873072000000}}],"container-title":["The EMBO Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1093%2Femboj%2F16.13.4134","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1093\/emboj\/16.13.4134.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1093\/emboj\/16.13.4134\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full\/10.1093\/emboj\/16.13.4134","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1093\/emboj\/16.13.4134.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T19:11:26Z","timestamp":1779217886000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1093\/emboj\/16.13.4134"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1997,7,1]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"13","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,7,1]]}},"alternative-id":["BFEMBJ7590389"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/emboj\/16.13.4134","relation":{},"ISSN":["0261-4189","1460-2075"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0261-4189","type":"print"},{"value":"1460-2075","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1997,7,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"6 January 1997","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 March 1997","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 July 1997","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 September 1997","order":4,"name":"change_date","label":"Change Date","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Erratum","order":5,"name":"change_type","label":"Change Type","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"An Erratum to this paper has been published:","order":6,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/emboj\/16.17.5480","URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/emboj\/16.17.5480","order":7,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}]}}