{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,30]],"date-time":"2025-12-30T03:35:38Z","timestamp":1767065738709},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,19]],"date-time":"2023-10-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1697673600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>International sharing of cohort data for research is important and challenging. We explored the feasibility of multicohort federated analyses by examining associations between 3 pregnancy exposures (maternal education, exposure to green vegetation, and gestational diabetes) and offspring body mass index (BMI) from infancy to age 17 years. We used data from 18 cohorts (n\u00a0= 206,180 mother-child pairs) from the EU Child Cohort Network and derived BMI at ages 0\u20131, 2\u20133, 4\u20137, 8\u201313, and 14\u201317 years. Associations were estimated using linear regression via 1-stage individual participant data meta-analysis using DataSHIELD. Associations between lower maternal education and higher child BMI emerged from age 4 and increased with age (difference in BMI z score comparing low with high education, at age 2\u20133 years\u00a0= 0.03 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.00, 0.05), at 4\u20137 years\u00a0= 0.16 (95% CI: 0.14, 0.17), and at 8\u201313 years\u00a0= 0.24 (95% CI: 0.22, 0.26)). Gestational diabetes was positively associated with BMI from age 8 years (BMI z score difference\u00a0= 0.18, 95% CI: 0.12, 0.25) but not at younger ages; however, associations attenuated towards the null when restricted to cohorts that measured gestational diabetes via universal screening. Exposure to green vegetation was weakly associated with higher BMI up to age 1 year but not at older ages. Opportunities of cross-cohort federated analyses are discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwad206","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,19]],"date-time":"2023-10-19T19:37:21Z","timestamp":1697744241000},"page":"753-763","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Associations of Maternal Educational Level, Proximity to Green Space During Pregnancy, and Gestational Diabetes With Body Mass Index From Infancy to Early Adulthood: A Proof-of-Concept Federated Analysis in 18 Birth Cohorts"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"193","author":[{"given":"Tim","family":"Cadman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ahmed","family":"Elhakeem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Johan 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