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However, characterizing their chemical properties for exposure and toxicity assessments still remains a challenge. In this work, the performance of an aerosol concentrator (Versatile Aerosol Concentration Enrichment System, VACES) was assessed to simultaneously sample UFPs on filter substrates (for chemical analysis) and as liquid suspensions (for toxicity assessment), in a high UFP concentration scenario. An industrial case study was selected where metal-containing UFPs were emitted during thermal spraying of ceramic coatings. Results evidenced the comparability of the VACES system with online monitors in terms of UFP particle mass (for concentrations up to 95 \u00b5g UFP\/m3) and between filters and liquid suspensions, in terms of particle composition (for concentrations up to 1000 \u00b5g\/m3). This supports the applicability of this tool for UFP collection in view of chemical and toxicological characterization for incidental UFPs. In the industrial setting evaluated, results showed that the spraying temperature was a driver of fractionation of metals between UF (&amp;lt;0.2 \u00b5m) and fine (0.2\u20132.5 \u00b5m) particles. Potentially health hazardous metals (Ni, Cr) were enriched in UFPs and depleted in the fine particle fraction. Metals vaporized at high temperatures and concentrated in the UF fraction through nucleation processes. Results evidenced the need to understand incidental particle formation mechanisms due to their direct implications on particle composition and, thus, exposure. It is advisable that personal exposure and subsequent risk assessments in occupational settings should include dedicated metrics to monitor UFPs (especially, incidental).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/annweh\/wxab011","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,28]],"date-time":"2021-01-28T21:10:21Z","timestamp":1611868221000},"page":"966-978","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Characterizing the Chemical Profile of Incidental Ultrafine Particles for Toxicity Assessment Using an Aerosol Concentrator"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"65","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4073-3802","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M","family":"Viana","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"IDAEA-CSIC, Barcelona, Spain"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Salmatonidis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IDAEA-CSIC, Barcelona, Spain"}]},{"given":"S","family":"Bezantakos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 du Littoral C\u00f4te d\u2019 \u2018Opale, Dunkerque, France"}]},{"given":"C","family":"Ribalta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IDAEA-CSIC, Barcelona, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1488-2561","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"N","family":"Moreno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IDAEA-CSIC, Barcelona, Spain"}]},{"given":"P","family":"C\u00f3rdoba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IDAEA-CSIC, Barcelona, Spain"}]},{"given":"F R","family":"Cassee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RIVM, Bilthoven, The Netherlands"}]},{"given":"J","family":"Boere","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RIVM, Bilthoven, The Netherlands"}]},{"given":"S","family":"Fraga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Health, National Institute of Health Dr Ricardo Jorge, Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"EPIUnit-Instituto de Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"J P","family":"Teixeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Health, National Institute of Health Dr Ricardo Jorge, Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"EPIUnit-Instituto de Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"M J","family":"Bessa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Health, National Institute of Health Dr Ricardo Jorge, Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"EPIUnit-Instituto de Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"E","family":"Monfort","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ITC, Castell\u00f3n, Spain"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021121717535853200_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1080\/17435390.2021.1897698","article-title":"Toxicity assessment of","volume":"15","author":"Bessa","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nanotoxicology"},{"key":"2021121717535853200_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109297","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2020.109297","article-title":"Nanoparticle exposure and hazard in the ceramic industry: an overview of potential sources, toxicity and health effects","volume":"184","author":"Bessa","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ Res"},{"key":"2021121717535853200_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jes.2018.04.022","article-title":"Chemical characterization of fine and ultrafine PM, direct and indirect genotoxicity of PM and their organic extracts on pulmonary cells","volume":"71","author":"Billet","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Environ Sci (China)"},{"key":"2021121717535853200_CIT0004","first-page":"1","article-title":"Harmonization of measurement strategies for exposure to manufactured nano-objects; 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