{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,28]],"date-time":"2026-03-28T05:28:43Z","timestamp":1774675723662,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":89,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,14]],"date-time":"2020-10-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1602633600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"name":"Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Ministry of Science, Technology and Higher Education","award":["UID\/AMB\/50017\/2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/AMB\/50017\/2019"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,26]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>The global trend of urbanization is creating novel challenges for many animal species. Studies investigating behavioral differences between rural and urban populations often report a general increase in risk-taking behaviors in urban populations. According to the most common energy management model (the performance model), behaviors that increase access to resources, such as aggression and boldness, and behaviors that consume net energy, like locomotion and stress responses, are both positively correlated to resting metabolic rate (RMR). Thus, we expect urban populations to not only exhibit a higher level of risk-taking behavior but also a higher RMR. However, these interactions remain poorly investigated. Our main goal was to analyze the relationship between RMR and risk-taking behaviors in the greater white-toothed shrew (Crocidura russula) in rural versus urban populations. Trapped shrews were brought to captivity where we measured RMR, boldness, and exploration rate three times in each individual. Our findings revealed that urban shrews were indeed bolder and more exploratory, but contrary to our expectations, their RMR was lower than that of rural shrews. This is likely explained by differences in the environmental conditions of these two habitats, such as higher ambient temperatures and\/or lower prey availability in cities. When looking at each population separately, this relationship remained similar: urban shrews with a higher RMR were less bold, and rural shrews with a higher RMR showed a lower exploration rate. We conclude that the energetic strategy of C. russula is dependent on the environmental and observational context and cannot be explained by the performance model.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/beheco\/araa088","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,3]],"date-time":"2020-09-03T19:13:03Z","timestamp":1599160383000},"page":"1334-1343","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Metabolic and behavioral adaptations of greater white-toothed shrews to urban conditions"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5510-7663","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fl\u00e1vio G","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CESAM - Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar, Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Maria da Luz","family":"Mathias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CESAM - Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar, Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1479-1443","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leszek","family":"Rychlik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Systematic Zoology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Pozna\u0144, Poland"}]},{"given":"Joaquim T","family":"Tapisso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CESAM - Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar, Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6010-1127","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sophie","family":"von Merten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CESAM - Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar, Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, Lisboa, Portugal"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"2020120619244163900_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"I","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anbehav.2017.10.001","article-title":"Guidelines for the treatment of animals in behavioural research and teaching","volume":"135","author":"ASAB\/ABS.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Anim Behav"},{"key":"2020120619244163900_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1474-9728.2003.00053.x","article-title":"Are mice calorically restricted in nature?","volume":"2","author":"Austad","year":"2003","journal-title":"Aging Cell"},{"key":"2020120619244163900_CIT0003","author":"Barto\u0144","year":"2019"},{"issue":"4","key":"2020120619244163900_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1139\/er-2016-0029","article-title":"Sublethal consequences of urban life for wild vertebrates","volume":"24","author":"Birnie-Gauvin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"2020120619244163900_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1111\/eth.12957","article-title":"Spontaneous activity rates and resting metabolism: support for the allocation model of energy management at the among-individual level","volume":"126","author":"Biro","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ethology"},{"issue":"1","key":"2020120619244163900_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0706.2013.00654.x","article-title":"Personality and basal metabolic rate in a wild bird population","volume":"123","author":"Bouwhuis","year":"2014","journal-title":"Oikos"},{"key":"2020120619244163900_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1086\/518376","article-title":"Intraspecific variability in the Basal metabolic rate: testing the food habits hypothesis","volume":"80","author":"Bozinovic","year":"2007","journal-title":"Physiol Biochem Zool"},{"key":"2020120619244163900_CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2104","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-38543-5","article-title":"The intrepid urban coyote: a comparison of bold and exploratory behavior in coyotes from urban and rural environments","volume":"9","author":"Breck","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"2","key":"2020120619244163900_CIT0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.32614\/RJ-2017-066","article-title":"glmmTMB balances speed and flexibility among packages for zero-inflated generalized linear mixed modeling","volume":"9","author":"Brooks","year":"2017","journal-title":"R J"},{"key":"2020120619244163900_CIT0010","first-page":"3465","article-title":"What causes intraspecific variation in resting metabolic rate and what are its ecological consequences?","volume":"278","author":"Burton","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc Biol Sci"},{"key":"2020120619244163900_CIT0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2018.11.023","article-title":"Energy metabolism and personality in wild-caught fall field crickets","volume":"199","author":"Careau","year":"2019","journal-title":"Physiol Behav"},{"issue":"1","key":"2020120619244163900_CIT0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2435.2008.01468.x","article-title":"Exploration strategies map along fast-slow metabolic and life-history continua in muroid rodents","volume":"23","author":"Careau","year":"2009","journal-title":"Funct Ecol"},{"key":"2020120619244163900_CIT0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1086\/666970","article-title":"Performance, personality, and energetics: correlation, causation, and mechanism","volume":"85","author":"Careau","year":"2012","journal-title":"Physiol Biochem Zool"},{"issue":"4","key":"2020120619244163900_CIT0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1007\/s00265-015-1876-2","article-title":"Energy expenditure and personality in wild chipmunks","volume":"69","author":"Careau","year":"2015","journal-title":"Behav Ecol Sociobiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2020120619244163900_CIT0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0030-1299.2008.16513.x","article-title":"Energy metabolism and animal personality","volume":"117","author":"Careau","year":"2008","journal-title":"Oikos"},{"key":"2020120619244163900_CIT0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbpa.2015.08.011","article-title":"Intraspecific variation in the energetics of the Cabrera vole","volume":"190","author":"Castellanos-Fr\u00edas","year":"2015","journal-title":"Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol"},{"key":"2020120619244163900_CIT0017","volume-title":"The natural history of shrews","author":"Churchfield","year":"1990"},{"key":"2020120619244163900_CIT0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0156744","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0156744","article-title":"Genome-assisted prediction of quantitative traits using the R package sommer","volume":"11","author":"Covarrubias-Pazaran","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"3","key":"2020120619244163900_CIT0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1007\/s00265-018-2473-y","article-title":"Pace-of-life syndromes: a framework for the adaptive integration of behaviour, physiology and life history","volume":"72","author":"Dammhahn","year":"2018","journal-title":"Behav Ecol Sociobiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2020120619244163900_CIT0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20160315","DOI":"10.1098\/rsbl.2016.0315","article-title":"Agonistic urban birds: elevated territorial aggression of urban song sparrows is individually consistent within a breeding period","volume":"12","author":"Davies","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biol Lett"},{"issue":"4","key":"2020120619244163900_CIT0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1017\/S037689290000638X","article-title":"Urban ecosystems and island biogeography","volume":"5","author":"Davis","year":"1978","journal-title":"Environ Conserv"},{"key":"2020120619244163900_CIT0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1957.10.3.388","article-title":"Use of the Pauling oxygen analyzer for measurement of oxygen consumption of animals in open-circuit systems and in a short-lag, closed-circuit apparatus","volume":"10","author":"Depocas","year":"1957","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"2020120619244163900_CIT0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1111\/1365-2656.12013","article-title":"Quantifying individual variation in behaviour: mixed-effect modelling approaches","volume":"82","author":"Dingemanse","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Anim Ecol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2020120619244163900_CIT0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anbehav.2010.04.007","article-title":"Nocturnal ranging behaviour of urban hedgehogs, Erinaceus europaeus, in relation to risk and reward","volume":"80","author":"Dowding","year":"2010","journal-title":"Anim Behav"},{"issue":"1","key":"2020120619244163900_CIT0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocon.2010.09.014","article-title":"Insect extinction by urbanization: a long term study in Rome","volume":"144","author":"Fattorini","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biol Conserv"},{"key":"2020120619244163900_CIT0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.1997.0019","article-title":"Female-biased dispersal in the monogamous mammal Crocidura russula: evidence from field data and microsatellite patterns","volume":"264","author":"Favre","year":"1997","journal-title":"Proc Biol Sci"},{"issue":"12","key":"2020120619244163900_CIT0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4302","DOI":"10.1002\/joc.5086","article-title":"WorldClim 2: new 1-km spatial resolution climate surfaces for global land areas","volume":"37","author":"Fick","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Climatol"},{"key":"2020120619244163900_CIT0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anbehav.2016.03.032","article-title":"Rate of movement of juvenile lemon sharks in a novel open field, are we measuring activity or reaction to novelty?","volume":"116","author":"Finger","year":"2016","journal-title":"Anim Behav"},{"issue":"1","key":"2020120619244163900_CIT0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.5751\/ES-00404-060111","article-title":"Human-caused disturbance stimuli as a form of predation risk","volume":"6","author":"Frid","year":"2002","journal-title":"Conserv Ecol"},{"key":"2020120619244163900_CIT0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2018.09.008","article-title":"Behavioural strategies of three wild-derived populations of the house mouse (Mus m. musculus and M. m. domesticus) in five standard tests of exploration and boldness: searching for differences attributable to subspecies and commensalism","volume":"157","author":"Frynta","year":"2018","journal-title":"Behav Processes"},{"key":"2020120619244163900_CIT0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1232","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aar7121","article-title":"The influence of human disturbance on wildlife nocturnality","volume":"360","author":"Gaynor","year":"2018","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2020120619244163900_CIT0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2016.01.046","article-title":"Kleptoparasitism and aggressiveness are influenced by standard metabolic rate in eels","volume":"157","author":"Geffroy","year":"2016","journal-title":"Physiol Behav"},{"issue":"4","key":"2020120619244163900_CIT0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2907.1988.tb00083.x","article-title":"Energetic strategies of shrews: ecological constraints and evolutionary implications","volume":"18","author":"Genoud","year":"1988","journal-title":"Mamm Rev"},{"key":"2020120619244163900_CIT0034","first-page":"222","article-title":"The activity of Crocidura russula (Insectivora, Soricidae) in the field and in captivity","volume":"46","author":"Genoud","year":"1981","journal-title":"Z S\u00e4ugetierkd"},{"issue":"3","key":"2020120619244163900_CIT0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1007\/s10164-012-0339-8","article-title":"Influence of the urban matrix on space use of coyotes in the Chicago metropolitan area","volume":"30","author":"Gese","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Ethol"},{"key":"2020120619244163900_CIT0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1086\/675974","article-title":"Individual (co)variation in standard metabolic rate, feeding rate, and exploratory behavior in wild-caught semiaquatic salamanders","volume":"87","author":"Gifford","year":"2014","journal-title":"Physiol Biochem Zool"},{"issue":"14","key":"2020120619244163900_CIT0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3577","DOI":"10.1007\/s10531-011-0149-2","article-title":"Effects of urban habitat fragmentation on common small mammals: species versus communities","volume":"20","author":"Gomes","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biodivers Conserv"},{"key":"2020120619244163900_CIT0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anbehav.2014.01.032","article-title":"The ontogeny of personality in the wild guinea pig","volume":"90","author":"Guenther","year":"2014","journal-title":"Anim Behav"},{"key":"2020120619244163900_CIT0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5042","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-23463-7","article-title":"Repeatability and degree of territorial aggression differs among urban and rural great tits (Parus major)","volume":"8","author":"Hardman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2020120619244163900_CIT0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6785-13-49","article-title":"Consistency in boldness, activity and exploration at different stages of life","volume":"13","author":"Herde","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Ecol"},{"key":"2020120619244163900_CIT0041","first-page":"977","article-title":"No effect of human presence at night on disease, body mass, or metabolism in rural and urban house finches (Haemorhous mexicanus)","volume":"58","author":"Hutton","year":"2018","journal-title":"Integr Comp Biol"},{"issue":"11","key":"2020120619244163900_CIT0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.3733\/hilg.v06n11p315","article-title":"Body size and metabolism","volume":"6","author":"Kleiber","year":"1932","journal-title":"Hilgardia"},{"key":"2020120619244163900_CIT0089","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.2307\/2390179","article-title":"Measuring energy metabolism with open-flow respirometric systems: which design to choose?","volume":"10","author":"Koteja","year":"1996","journal-title":"Funct Ecol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2020120619244163900_CIT0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1111\/eea.12079","article-title":"Predation promotes survival of beetles with lower resting metabolic rates","volume":"148","author":"Krams","year":"2013","journal-title":"Entomol Exp Appl"},{"key":"2020120619244163900_CIT0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2003.2612","article-title":"Individual variation and repeatability of basal metabolism in the bank vole, Clethrionomys glareolus","volume":"271","author":"Labocha","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proc Biol Sci"},{"key":"2020120619244163900_CIT0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2011.04.017","article-title":"Is there a linkage between metabolism and personality in small mammals? The root vole (Microtus oeconomus) example","volume":"104","author":"Lantov\u00e1","year":"2011","journal-title":"Physiol Behav"},{"key":"2020120619244163900_CIT0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.13395","article-title":"Urbanization and biological invasion shape animal personalities","volume":"23","author":"Lapiedra","year":"2017","journal-title":"Glob Chang Biol"},{"issue":"8","key":"2020120619244163900_CIT0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.1139\/cjz-2012-0168","article-title":"Effects of urbanization on small-mammal communities and the population structure of synurbic species: an example of a medium-sized city","volume":"91","author":"\u0141opucki","year":"2013","journal-title":"Can J Zool"},{"key":"2020120619244163900_CIT0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1086\/303383","article-title":"The zoogeography of mammalian basal metabolic rate","volume":"156","author":"Lovegrove","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am Nat"},{"key":"2020120619244163900_CIT0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1007\/s00360-002-0309-5","article-title":"The influence of climate on the basal metabolic rate of small mammals: a slow-fast metabolic continuum","volume":"173","author":"Lovegrove","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Comp Physiol B"},{"key":"2020120619244163900_CIT0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1111\/brv.12012","article-title":"Behavioural responses of wildlife to urban environments","volume":"88","author":"Lowry","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc"},{"issue":"3","key":"2020120619244163900_CIT0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1656\/1092-6194(2005)012[0307:SMUOSA]2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Small mammal use of suburban and urban parks in central Pennsylvania","volume":"12","author":"Mahan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Northeast Nat"},{"issue":"2","key":"2020120619244163900_CIT0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2435.2006.01091.x","article-title":"Effects of climate on oxygen consumption and energy intake of chromosomally divergent populations of the House Mouse (Mus musculus domesticus) from the island of Madeira (North Atlantic, Portugal)","volume":"20","author":"Mathias","year":"2006","journal-title":"Funct Ecol"},{"key":"2020120619244163900_CIT0053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tree.2015.01.010","article-title":"Energetics and behavior: unrequited needs and new directions","volume":"30","author":"Mathot","year":"2015","journal-title":"Trends Ecol Evol"},{"key":"2020120619244163900_CIT0054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1056","DOI":"10.1111\/brv.12491","article-title":"The covariance between metabolic rate and behaviour varies across behaviours and thermal types: meta-analytic insights","volume":"94","author":"Mathot","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc"},{"issue":"3","key":"2020120619244163900_CIT0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"900","DOI":"10.1093\/beheco\/arv030","article-title":"Boldness-exploration behavioral syndrome: interfamily variability and repeatability of personality traits in the young of the convict cichlid (Amatitlania siquia)","volume":"26","author":"Mazue","year":"2015","journal-title":"Behav Ecol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2020120619244163900_CIT0056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1007\/s11252-007-0045-4","article-title":"Effects of urbanization on species richness: a review of plants and animals","volume":"11","author":"McKinney","year":"2008","journal-title":"Urban Ecosyst"},{"issue":"5","key":"2020120619244163900_CIT0057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1461-0248.2002.00365.x","article-title":"Minimizing energy expenditure facilitates vertebrate persistence on oceanic islands","volume":"5","author":"McNab","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ecol Lett"},{"key":"2020120619244163900_CIT0058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00360-014-0850-z","article-title":"Behavioral and ecological factors account for variation in the mass-independent energy expenditures of endotherms","volume":"185","author":"McNab","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Comp Physiol B"},{"issue":"2","key":"2020120619244163900_CIT0059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1007\/s00265-019-2793-6","article-title":"Individual behavior, behavioral stability, and pace of life within and among five shrew species","volume":"74","author":"von Merten","year":"2020","journal-title":"Behav Ecol Sociobiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2020120619244163900_CIT0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anbehav.2012.04.002","article-title":"Exploratory behaviour in shrews: fast-lived Sorex versus slow-lived Crocidura","volume":"84","author":"von Merten","year":"2012","journal-title":"Anim Behav"},{"key":"2020120619244163900_CIT0061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2019.04.015","article-title":"The impact of changeability of enriched environment on exploration in rats","volume":"164","author":"Modli\u0144ska","year":"2019","journal-title":"Behav Processes"},{"issue":"4","key":"2020120619244163900_CIT0062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1093\/beheco\/ars040","article-title":"Between individual variation in risk-taking behavior and its life history consequences","volume":"23","author":"M\u00f8ller","year":"2012","journal-title":"Behav Ecol"},{"issue":"7","key":"2020120619244163900_CIT0063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1007\/s00265-018-2526-2","article-title":"The pace-of-life syndrome revisited: the role of ecological conditions and natural history on the slow-fast continuum","volume":"72","author":"Montiglio","year":"2018","journal-title":"Behav Ecol Sociobiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2020120619244163900_CIT0064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1083","DOI":"10.1093\/beheco\/arv050","article-title":"To boldly go where no goby has gone before: boldness, dispersal tendency, and metabolism at the invasion front","volume":"26","author":"Myles-Gonzalez","year":"2015","journal-title":"Behav Ecol"},{"key":"2020120619244163900_CIT0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1086\/698372","article-title":"On the interplay among ambient temperature, basal metabolic rate, and body mass","volume":"192","author":"Naya","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am Nat"},{"key":"2020120619244163900_CIT0066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2000","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.02780","article-title":"Whole-animal metabolic rate is a repeatable trait: a meta-analysis","volume":"210","author":"Nespolo","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Exp Biol"},{"issue":"8","key":"2020120619244163900_CIT0067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1016\/0004-6981(73)90140-6","article-title":"City size and the urban heat island","volume":"7","author":"Oke","year":"1973","journal-title":"Atmos Environ"},{"key":"2020120619244163900_CIT0068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/beheco\/araa088","article-title":"Metabolic and behavioral adaptations of greater white-toothed shrews to urban conditions","author":"Oliveira","year":"2020","journal-title":"Behav Ecol"},{"key":"2020120619244163900_CIT0069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtherbio.2015.12.002","article-title":"Phenotypic flexibility in the energetic strategy of the greater white-toothed shrew, Crocidura russula","volume":"56","author":"Oliveira","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Therm Biol"},{"key":"2020120619244163900_CIT0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1086\/686322","article-title":"Associations between resting, activity, and daily metabolic rate in free-living Endotherms: no universal rule in birds and mammals","volume":"89","author":"Portugal","year":"2016","journal-title":"Physiol Biochem Zool"},{"key":"2020120619244163900_CIT0071","author":"R Core Team.","year":"2019"},{"key":"2020120619244163900_CIT0072","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4051","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2010.0208","article-title":"Personality and the emergence of the pace-of-life syndrome concept at the population level","volume":"365","author":"R\u00e9ale","year":"2010","journal-title":"Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci"},{"key":"2020120619244163900_CIT0073","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-185X.2007.00010.x","article-title":"Integrating animal temperament within ecology and evolution","volume":"82","author":"R\u00e9ale","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc"},{"key":"2020120619244163900_CIT0074","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.1086\/605917","article-title":"Running behavior and its energy cost in mice selectively bred for high voluntary locomotor activity","volume":"82","author":"Rezende","year":"2009","journal-title":"Physiol Biochem Zool"},{"issue":"10","key":"2020120619244163900_CIT0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-5347(02)02578-8","article-title":"The physiology\/life-history nexus","volume":"17","author":"Ricklefs","year":"2002","journal-title":"Trends Ecol Evol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2020120619244163900_CIT0076","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anbehav.2008.04.008","article-title":"Boldness underlies foraging success of invasive Lepidodactylus lugubris geckos in the human landscape","volume":"76","author":"Short","year":"2008","journal-title":"Anim Behav"},{"key":"2020120619244163900_CIT0077","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tree.2004.04.009","article-title":"Behavioral syndromes: an ecological and evolutionary overview","volume":"19","author":"Sih","year":"2004","journal-title":"Trends Ecol Evol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2020120619244163900_CIT0078","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anbehav.2013.01.023","article-title":"Behavioural adjustments for a life in the city","volume":"85","author":"Sol","year":"2013","journal-title":"Anim Behav"},{"issue":"3","key":"2020120619244163900_CIT0079","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1007\/s00265-018-2463-0","article-title":"Risk-taking behavior, urbanization and the pace of life in birds","volume":"72","author":"Sol","year":"2018","journal-title":"Behav Ecol Sociobiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2020120619244163900_CIT0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1016\/0300-9629(90)90629-7","article-title":"Comparative temperature regulation of African and European shrews","volume":"97","author":"Sparti","year":"1990","journal-title":"Comp Biochem Physiol Part A Physiol"},{"key":"2020120619244163900_CIT0081","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2013.00034","article-title":"Measuring energy metabolism in the mouse\u2014theoretical, practical, and analytical considerations","volume":"4","author":"Speakman","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2020120619244163900_CIT0082","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2435.2007.01273.x","article-title":"Long-term repeatability of body mass and resting metabolic rate in free-living weasels, Mustela nivalis","volume":"21","author":"Szafra\u0144ska","year":"2007","journal-title":"Funct Ecol"},{"key":"2020120619244163900_CIT0083","first-page":"309","article-title":"Evolution of energetic strategies in shrews","volume-title":"Evolution of shrews","author":"Taylor","year":"1998"},{"issue":"6","key":"2020120619244163900_CIT0084","first-page":"1415","article-title":"Urbanization and individual differences in exploration and plasticity","volume":"29","author":"Thompson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Behav Ecol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2020120619244163900_CIT0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1007\/s11252-013-0289-0","article-title":"Ecological corridors also operate in an urban matrix: a test case with garden shrews","volume":"16","author":"Vergnes","year":"2013","journal-title":"Urban Ecosyst"},{"key":"2020120619244163900_CIT0086","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ejcn.1601045","article-title":"Basal metabolic rate and energy costs at rest and during exercise in rural- and urban-dwelling Papua New Guinea highlanders","volume":"54","author":"Yamauchi","year":"2000","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"1","key":"2020120619244163900_CIT0087","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2041-210X.2009.00001.x","article-title":"A protocol for data exploration to avoid common statistical problems","volume":"1","author":"Zuur","year":"2010","journal-title":"Methods Ecol Evol"},{"key":"2020120619244163900_CIT0088","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-87458-6","volume-title":"Mixed effects models and extensions in ecology with R","author":"Zuur","year":"2009"}],"container-title":["Behavioral Ecology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/beheco\/article-pdf\/31\/6\/1334\/34547891\/araa088.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/beheco\/article-pdf\/31\/6\/1334\/34547891\/araa088.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,7]],"date-time":"2020-12-07T02:40:15Z","timestamp":1607308815000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/beheco\/article\/31\/6\/1334\/5923108"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,14]]},"references-count":89,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,14]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,26]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/beheco\/araa088","relation":{},"ISSN":["1045-2249","1465-7279"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1045-2249","type":"print"},{"value":"1465-7279","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,14]]}}}