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However, past research has been conducted in confined spaces, and there is little work in naturalistic conditions where animals move and associate more freely. We gave a Trp-enriched diet to a free-flying flock of common waxbills (Estrilda astrild) in semi-natural conditions and monitored group foraging, aggressions during feeding, and the social network. Contrary to expectations, aggressiveness and feeding increased during Trp supplementation. Consistent with the prediction of increased social associations, foraging groups became larger, and individuals joined more foraging groups, but these changes appear driven by increased appetite during Trp treatment. Also, the mean strength of associations in the social network did not change. Overall, Trp supplementation affected group behavior in this free-flying flock, but mostly in directions unanticipated based on research conducted in small spaces. To harmonize our results with those found in small confined spaces, we hypothesize that free-flying birds have energetic requirements not experienced in lab-housed individuals, which may impact social behavior and responses to Trp.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/beheco\/arae018","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,14]],"date-time":"2024-03-14T13:04:20Z","timestamp":1710421460000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Dietary tryptophan affects group behavior in a social bird"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5754-3848","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Beatriz C","family":"Saldanha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CIBIO, Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Biodiversidade e Recursos Gen\u00e9ticos, InBIO Laborat\u00f3rio Associado, Campus de Vair\u00e3o, Universidade do Porto , 4485-661 Vair\u00e3o , Portugal"},{"name":"BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO , Campus de Vair\u00e3o, 4485-661 Vair\u00e3o , Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5987-4672","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patr\u00edcia","family":"Beltr\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIBIO, Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Biodiversidade e Recursos Gen\u00e9ticos, InBIO Laborat\u00f3rio Associado, Campus de Vair\u00e3o, Universidade do Porto , 4485-661 Vair\u00e3o , Portugal"},{"name":"BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO , Campus de Vair\u00e3o, 4485-661 Vair\u00e3o , Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2905-3248","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Cristina R","family":"Gomes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIBIO, Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Biodiversidade e Recursos Gen\u00e9ticos, InBIO Laborat\u00f3rio Associado, Campus de Vair\u00e3o, Universidade do Porto , 4485-661 Vair\u00e3o , Portugal"},{"name":"BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO , Campus de Vair\u00e3o, 4485-661 Vair\u00e3o , Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Zoology, Stockholm University , Svante Arrhenius v\u00e4g 18B, Stockholm 10691 , Sweden"}]},{"given":"Marta C","family":"Soares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIBIO, Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Biodiversidade e Recursos Gen\u00e9ticos, InBIO Laborat\u00f3rio Associado, Campus de Vair\u00e3o, Universidade do Porto , 4485-661 Vair\u00e3o , Portugal"},{"name":"BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO , Campus de Vair\u00e3o, 4485-661 Vair\u00e3o , Portugal"},{"name":"MARE - Centro de Ci\u00eancias do Mar e do Ambiente, ARNET -Rede de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Aqu\u00e1tica, Departamento de Paisagem, Universidade de \u00c9vora , Ambiente e Ordenamento, Rua Rom\u00e3o Ramalho 59,7000-671 \u00c9vora , Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6258-1881","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gon\u00e7alo C","family":"Cardoso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIBIO, Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Biodiversidade e Recursos Gen\u00e9ticos, InBIO Laborat\u00f3rio Associado, Campus de Vair\u00e3o, Universidade do Porto , 4485-661 Vair\u00e3o , Portugal"},{"name":"BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO , Campus de Vair\u00e3o, 4485-661 Vair\u00e3o , Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9938-6606","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sandra","family":"Trigo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIBIO, Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Biodiversidade e Recursos Gen\u00e9ticos, InBIO Laborat\u00f3rio Associado, Campus de Vair\u00e3o, Universidade do Porto , 4485-661 Vair\u00e3o , Portugal"},{"name":"BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO , Campus de Vair\u00e3o, 4485-661 Vair\u00e3o , 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