{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T11:41:11Z","timestamp":1774611671636,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,17]],"date-time":"2023-05-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1684281600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004374","name":"Medtronic","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004374","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Anastomotic leak is a severe complication after oesophagectomy. Anastomotic leak has diverse clinical manifestations and the optimal treatment strategy is unknown. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of treatment strategies for different manifestations of anastomotic leak after oesophagectomy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A retrospective cohort study was performed in 71 centres worldwide and included patients with anastomotic leak after oesophagectomy (2011\u20132019). Different primary treatment strategies were compared for three different anastomotic leak manifestations: interventional versus supportive-only treatment for local manifestations (that is no intrathoracic collections; well perfused conduit); drainage and defect closure versus drainage only for intrathoracic manifestations; and oesophageal diversion versus continuity-preserving treatment for conduit ischaemia\/necrosis. The primary outcome was 90-day mortality. Propensity score matching was performed to adjust for confounders.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of 1508 patients with anastomotic leak, 28.2 per cent (425 patients) had local manifestations, 36.3 per cent (548 patients) had intrathoracic manifestations, 9.6 per cent (145 patients) had conduit ischaemia\/necrosis, 17.5 per cent (264 patients) were allocated after multiple imputation, and 8.4 per cent (126 patients) were excluded. After propensity score matching, no statistically significant differences in 90-day mortality were found regarding interventional versus supportive-only treatment for local manifestations (risk difference 3.2 per cent, 95 per cent c.i. \u22121.8 to 8.2 per cent), drainage and defect closure versus drainage only for intrathoracic manifestations (risk difference 5.8 per cent, 95 per cent c.i. \u22121.2 to 12.8 per cent), and oesophageal diversion versus continuity-preserving treatment for conduit ischaemia\/necrosis (risk difference 0.1 per cent, 95 per cent c.i. \u221221.4 to 1.6 per cent). In general, less morbidity was found after less extensive primary treatment strategies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Less extensive primary treatment of anastomotic leak was associated with less morbidity. A less extensive primary treatment approach may potentially be considered for anastomotic leak. Future studies are needed to confirm current findings and guide optimal treatment of anastomotic leak after oesophagectomy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/bjs\/znad123","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,17]],"date-time":"2023-05-17T18:26:58Z","timestamp":1684348018000},"page":"852-863","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Treatment of anastomotic leak after oesophagectomy for oesophageal cancer: large, collaborative, observational TENTACLE cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"110","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9649-5436","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sander","family":"Ubels","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre , Nijmegen , The Netherlands"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8371-509X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Moniek H P","family":"Verstegen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre , Nijmegen , The Netherlands"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2178-8557","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bastiaan R","family":"Klarenbeek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre , Nijmegen , The Netherlands"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7600-9429","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefan","family":"Bouwense","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Centre+ , Maastricht , The Netherlands"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8689-3134","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mark I","family":"van Berge Henegouwen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam , The Netherlands"},{"name":"Cancer Centre Amsterdam, Cancer Treatment and Quality of Life , Amsterdam , The Netherlands"}]},{"given":"Freek","family":"Daams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam , The Netherlands"},{"name":"Cancer Centre Amsterdam, Cancer Treatment and Quality of Life , Amsterdam , The Netherlands"}]},{"given":"Marc J","family":"van Det","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, ZGT Hospital Group , Almelo , The Netherlands"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6630-3547","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ewen A","family":"Griffiths","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham , Birmingham , UK"},{"name":"Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham , Birmingham , UK"}]},{"given":"Jan Willem","family":"Haveman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands"}]},{"given":"Joos","family":"Heisterkamp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital , Tilburg , The Netherlands"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5837-5513","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Grard","family":"Nieuwenhuijzen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Catharina Hospital , Eindhoven , The Netherlands"}]},{"given":"Fatih","family":"Polat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Canisius-Wilhelmina Hospital , Nijmegen , The Netherlands"}]},{"given":"Jeroen","family":"Schouten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Intensive Care, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre , Nijmegen , The Netherlands"}]},{"given":"Peter D","family":"Siersema","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre , Nijmegen , The Netherlands"}]},{"given":"Pritam","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust , Nottingham , UK"},{"name":"Department of Surgery, Regional Oesophago-Gastric Unit, Royal Surrey County Hospital , Guildford , UK"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4738-3697","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bas","family":"Wijnhoven","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Centre , Rotterdam , The Netherlands"}]},{"given":"Gerjon","family":"Hannink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Operating Rooms, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre , Nijmegen , The Netherlands"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0623-9066","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Frans","family":"van Workum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre , Nijmegen , The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Surgery, Canisius-Wilhelmina Hospital , Nijmegen , The Netherlands"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9152-3987","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Camiel","family":"Rosman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre , Nijmegen , The Netherlands"}]},{"name":"the TENTACLE\u2014Esophagus Collaborative Group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Eric","family":"Matth\u00e9e","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Cettela A M","family":"Slootmans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Gijs","family":"Ultee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Suzanne S","family":"Gisbertz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Wietse J","family":"Eshuis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Marianne C","family":"Kalff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Minke L","family":"Feenstra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Donald L","family":"van der Peet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Wessel T","family":"Stam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Boudewijn","family":"Van Etten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Floris","family":"Poelmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Nienke","family":"Vuurberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jan Willem","family":"van den Berg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ingrid S","family":"Martijnse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Robert M","family":"Matthijsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Misha","family":"Luyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Wout","family":"Curvers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Tom","family":"Nieuwenhuijzen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Annick E","family":"Taselaar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ewout A","family":"Kouwenhoven","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Merel","family":"Lubbers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Meindert","family":"Sosef","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Frederik","family":"Lecot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Tessa C M","family":"Geraedts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Stijn","family":"van Esser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jan Willem T","family":"Dekker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Frits","family":"van den Wildenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Wendy","family":"Kelder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Merel","family":"Lubbers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Peter C","family":"Baas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Job W A","family":"de Haas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Henk H","family":"Hartgrink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Renu R","family":"Bahadoer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Johanna W","family":"van Sandick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Koen J","family":"Hartemink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Xander","family":"Veenhof","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Hein","family":"Stockmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Burak","family":"Gorgec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Pepijn","family":"Weeder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Marinus J","family":"Wiezer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Charlotte M S","family":"Genders","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Eric","family":"Belt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Bjorn","family":"Blomberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Peter","family":"van Duijvendijk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Linda","family":"Claassen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"David","family":"Reetz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Pascal","family":"Steenvoorde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Walter","family":"Mastboom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Henk Jan","family":"Klein Ganseij","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Annette D","family":"van Dalsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Annalie","family":"Joldersma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Marije","family":"Zwakman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Richard P R","family":"Groenendijk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Mahsa","family":"Montazeri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Stuart","family":"Mercer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Benjamin","family":"Knight","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Gijs","family":"van boxel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Richard J","family":"McGregor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Richard J E","family":"Skipworth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Frattini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Alice","family":"Bradley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Magnus","family":"Nilsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Masaru","family":"Hayami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Biying","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"James","family":"Bundred","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Evans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Peter P","family":"Grimminger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Pieter C","family":"van der Sluis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Uzun","family":"Eren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"John","family":"Saunders","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Theophilidou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Zubair","family":"Khanzada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jessie A","family":"Elliott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jeroen E H","family":"Ponten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Sinead","family":"King","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"John V","family":"Reynolds","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Bruno","family":"Sgromo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Khalid","family":"Akbari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Samar","family":"Shalaby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Christian A","family":"Gutschow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Henner","family":"Schmidt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Diana","family":"Vetter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Krishna","family":"Moorthy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Mohamed A H","family":"Ibrahim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Grigorious","family":"Christodoulidis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jari V","family":"R\u00e4s\u00e4nen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Juha","family":"Kauppi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Henna","family":"S\u00f6derstr\u00f6m","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Renol","family":"Koshy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Dimitrios K","family":"Manatakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Dimitrios P","family":"Korkolis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Dimitrios","family":"Balalis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Aliki","family":"Rompu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Bilal","family":"Alkhaffaf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Mohamed","family":"Alasmar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Moaad","family":"Arebi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Guillaume","family":"Piessen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Frederiek","family":"Nuytens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Sebastien","family":"Degisors","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ahmed","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Alex","family":"Boddy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Suraj","family":"Gandhi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Oluwatomini","family":"Fashina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Elke","family":"Van Daele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Piet","family":"Pattyn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"William B","family":"Robb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Mayilone","family":"Arumugasamy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Mohammed","family":"Al Azzawi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jack","family":"Whooley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Elif","family":"Colak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Engin","family":"Aybar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ahmet C","family":"Sari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Mustafa S","family":"Uyanik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ahmet B","family":"Ciftci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Raza","family":"Sayyed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Bushra","family":"Ayub","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ghulam","family":"Murtaza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Aniqa","family":"Saeed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Priyanka","family":"Ramesh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Alexandros","family":"Charalabopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Theodore","family":"Liakakos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Dimitrios","family":"Schizas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Efstratia","family":"Baili","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Alkistis","family":"Kapelouzou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Michele","family":"Valmasoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Elisa Sefora","family":"Pierobon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Capovilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Stefano","family":"Merigliano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Silviu","family":"Constantinoiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Rodica","family":"Birla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Florin","family":"Achim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Cristian Gelu","family":"Rosianu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Petre","family":"Hoara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ra\u00fal Guevara","family":"Castro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9s Felipe","family":"Salcedo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ionut","family":"Negoi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Valentina M","family":"Negoita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Cezar","family":"Ciubotaru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Bogdan","family":"Stoica","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Sorin","family":"Hostiuc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Nicola","family":"Colucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Stefan P","family":"M\u00f6nig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Charles-Henri","family":"Wassmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jeremy","family":"Meyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Flavio Roberto","family":"Takeda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Rubens Antonio","family":"Aissar Sallum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ulysses","family":"Ribeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ivan","family":"Cecconello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Enrique","family":"Toledo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Maria Soledad","family":"Trugeda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda","family":"Jos\u00e9 Fern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Carolina","family":"Gil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Sonia","family":"Castanedo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Arda","family":"Isik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Eray","family":"Kurnaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Fl\u00e1vio","family":"Videira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Mariana","family":"Peyroteo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Rita","family":"Canotilho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jacopo","family":"Weindelmayer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Simone","family":"Giacopuzzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Carlo Alberto","family":"De Pasqual","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Marcos","family":"Bruna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Fernando","family":"Mingol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Javier","family":"Vaque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Carla","family":"P\u00e9rez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Alexander W","family":"Phillips","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jakub","family":"Chmelo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Joshua","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Renol","family":"Koshy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Laura E","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"James A","family":"Gossage","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Andrew R","family":"Davies","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Cara R","family":"Baker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Kelly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Mohamed","family":"Saad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Daniele","family":"Bernardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Luigi","family":"Bonavina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Emanuele","family":"Asti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Carlo","family":"Riva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Rosa","family":"Scaramuzzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Muhammed","family":"Elhadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Hazem","family":"Abdelkarem Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ahmed","family":"Elhadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Faruk","family":"Ali Elnagar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ahmed A A","family":"Msherghi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Vanessa","family":"Wills","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Cassidy","family":"Campbell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Marisol Perez","family":"Cerdeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Scott","family":"Whiting","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Neil","family":"Merrett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Amitabha","family":"Das","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Christos","family":"Apostolou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Aldenb","family":"Lorenzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Fabiana","family":"Sousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Adelino","family":"Barbosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"V\u00edtor","family":"Devezas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Elisabete","family":"Barbosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Garett","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Edward Y","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Nazim","family":"Bhimani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Priscilla","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Krishna","family":"Kotecha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Michael W","family":"Hii","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Salena M","family":"Ward","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"MaryAnn","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"Read","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Lynn","family":"Chong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Michael J","family":"Hollands","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"Allaway","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Arthur","family":"Richardson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Emma","family":"Johnston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Andy Z L","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Harsh","family":"Kanhere","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Shalvin","family":"Prasad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"McQuillan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Tim","family":"Surman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Markus I","family":"Trochsler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"W A","family":"Schofield","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Syeda","family":"Khadijah Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jessica L","family":"Reid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Mark C","family":"Harris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Sivakumar","family":"Gananadha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jessica","family":"Farrant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Nicole","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"James","family":"Fergusson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Hindmarsh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Zeeshan","family":"Afzal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Safranek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Vijay","family":"Sujendran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Siobhan","family":"Rooney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Carlos","family":"Loureiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Saioa Leturio","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ismael D\u00edez","family":"del Val","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Shameen","family":"Jaunoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Lauren","family":"Kennedy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ahmed","family":"Hussain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Dimitrios","family":"Theodorou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Tania","family":"Triantafyllou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Charalampos","family":"Theodoropoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Theodora","family":"Palyvou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Muhammed","family":"Elhadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Fatima Abdullah","family":"Ben Taher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Mustafa","family":"Ekheel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ahmed A A","family":"Msherghi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023063011013433500_znad123-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2074","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1112088","article-title":"Preoperative chemoradiotherapy for esophageal or junctional cancer","volume":"366","author":"van Hagen","year":"2012","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2023063011013433500_znad123-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4004","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2017.35.15_suppl.4004","article-title":"Perioperative chemotherapy with docetaxel, oxaliplatin, and fluorouracil\/leucovorin (FLOT) versus epirubicin, cisplatin, and fluorouracil or capecitabine (ECF\/ECX) for resectable gastric or gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) adenocarcinoma (FLOT4-AIO): a multicenter, randomized phase 3 trial","volume":"35","author":"Al-Batran","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"2023063011013433500_znad123-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1887","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)60516-9","article-title":"Minimally invasive versus open oesophagectomy for patients with oesophageal cancer: a multicentre, open-label, randomised controlled trial","volume":"379","author":"Biere","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2023063011013433500_znad123-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1001\/jamasurg.2021.1555","article-title":"Intrathoracic vs cervical anastomosis after totally or hybrid minimally invasive esophagectomy for esophageal cancer: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"156","author":"van Workum","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Surg"},{"key":"2023063011013433500_znad123-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e382","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0000000000004649","article-title":"Rates of anastomotic complications and their management following esophagectomy: results of the Oesophago-Gastric Anastomosis Audit (OGAA)","volume":"275","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"2023063011013433500_znad123-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21492","article-title":"Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries","volume":"68","author":"Bray","year":"2018","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin"},{"key":"2023063011013433500_znad123-B7","volume-title":"Core Figures 2015\u20132019 (Basis Tabel 2015\u20132019)","author":"Dutch Upper Gastrointestinal Cancer Audit (DUCA)","year":"2020"},{"key":"2023063011013433500_znad123-B8","author":"Netherlands Comprehensive Cancer Organization (IKNL)","year":"2019"},{"key":"2023063011013433500_znad123-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.11000","article-title":"Impact of postoperative complications on outcomes after oesophagectomy for cancer","volume":"106","author":"Goense","year":"2019","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"2023063011013433500_znad123-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-2050.2008.00866.x","article-title":"The management of esophagogastric anastomotic leak after esophagectomy for esophageal carcinoma","volume":"22","author":"Turkyilmaz","year":"2009","journal-title":"Dis Esophagus"},{"key":"2023063011013433500_znad123-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1417","DOI":"10.52768\/2766-7820\/1417","article-title":"Variations in treatment of an anastomotic leakage after Ivor Lewis esophagectomy","volume":"2","author":"Lubbers","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Images Med Case Rep"},{"key":"2023063011013433500_znad123-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1007\/s11605-012-2069-1","article-title":"Health-related quality of life in patients with oesophageal cancer: analysis at different steps of the treatment pathway","volume":"17","author":"Scarpa","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Gastrointest Surg"},{"key":"2023063011013433500_znad123-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7259","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-021-10144-5","article-title":"Postoperative complications and long-term quality of life after multimodality treatment for esophageal cancer: an analysis of the Prospective Observational Cohort Study of Esophageal-Gastric Cancer Patients (POCOP)","volume":"28","author":"Jezerskyte","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Surg Oncol"},{"key":"2023063011013433500_znad123-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1615","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2011.40.3568","article-title":"Influence of major postoperative complications on health-related quality of life among long-term survivors of esophageal cancer surgery","volume":"30","author":"Derogar","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"2023063011013433500_znad123-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejcts.2004.10.053","article-title":"Surgical treatment of anastomotic leaks after oesophagectomy","volume":"27","author":"Page","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur J Cardiothorac Surg"},{"key":"2023063011013433500_znad123-B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/S1001-9294(12)60020-0","article-title":"Personalized management of anastomotic leak after surgery for esophageal carcinoma","volume":"27","author":"Ye","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chin Med Sci J"},{"key":"2023063011013433500_znad123-B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1186\/s13017-019-0235-4","article-title":"Management of intrathoracic and cervical anastomotic leakage after esophagectomy for esophageal cancer: a systematic review","volume":"14","author":"Verstegen","year":"2019","journal-title":"World J Emerg Surg"},{"key":"2023063011013433500_znad123-B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1149-1741","article-title":"Endoscopic vacuum therapy versus stenting for postoperative esophago-enteric anastomotic leakage: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"52","author":"Scognamiglio","year":"2020","journal-title":"Endoscopy"},{"key":"2023063011013433500_znad123-B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/dote\/doac020","article-title":"Treatment of anastomotic leak after esophagectomy: insights of an international case vignette survey and expert discussions","volume":"35","author":"Ubels","year":"2022","journal-title":"Dis Esophagus"},{"key":"2023063011013433500_znad123-B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/dote\/doy060","article-title":"Comparison of endoscopic vacuum therapy versus endoscopic stenting for esophageal leaks: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"31","author":"Rausa","year":"2018","journal-title":"Dis Esophagus"},{"key":"2023063011013433500_znad123-B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0032-1326435","article-title":"Endoscopic closure of esophageal intrathoracic leaks: stent versus endoscopic vacuum-assisted closure, a retrospective analysis","volume":"45","author":"Brangewitz","year":"2013","journal-title":"Endoscopy"},{"key":"2023063011013433500_znad123-B22","first-page":"1","article-title":"Management and outcome of cervical versus intrathoracic manifestation of cervical anastomotic leakage after transthoracic esophagectomy for cancer","volume":"30","author":"van Rossum","year":"2017","journal-title":"Dis Esophagus"},{"key":"2023063011013433500_znad123-B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"864","DOI":"10.1093\/bjs\/znac226","article-title":"Severity of oEsophageal Anastomotic Leak in patients after oesophagectomy: the SEAL score","volume":"109","author":"Ubels","year":"2022","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"2023063011013433500_znad123-B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.07.045120","article-title":"The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) statement: guidelines for reporting observational studies","volume":"85","author":"Von Elm","year":"2007","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"2023063011013433500_znad123-B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0000000000001098","article-title":"International consensus on standardization of data collection for complications associated with esophagectomy: Esophagectomy Complications Consensus Group (ECCG)","volume":"262","author":"Low","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"2023063011013433500_znad123-B26","article-title":"Endoscopic vacuum therapy for anastomotic leak after esophagectomy: a single-center\u2019s early experience","volume":"34","author":"Hayami","year":"2020","journal-title":"Dis Esophagus"},{"key":"2023063011013433500_znad123-B27","article-title":"Endoscopic vacuum therapy for anastomotic leak in esophagectomy and total gastrectomy: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"34","author":"Tavares","year":"2021","journal-title":"Dis Esophagus"},{"key":"2023063011013433500_znad123-B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1702","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2018.05.009","article-title":"International survey on the management of anastomotic leakage after esophageal resection","volume":"106","author":"Hagens","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"2023063011013433500_znad123-B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0b013e318296c732","article-title":"The comprehensive complication index: a novel continuous scale to measure surgical morbidity","volume":"258","author":"Slankamenac","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"2023063011013433500_znad123-B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1201\/9780429492259","volume-title":"Flexible Imputation of Missing Data","author":"Van Buuren","year":"2018"},{"key":"2023063011013433500_znad123-B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1080\/00273171.2011.568786","article-title":"An introduction to propensity score methods for reducing the effects of confounding in observational studies","volume":"46","author":"Austin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Multivariate Behav Res"},{"key":"2023063011013433500_znad123-B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.3263","article-title":"One-to-many propensity score matching in cohort studies","volume":"21","author":"Rassen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf"},{"key":"2023063011013433500_znad123-B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1092","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwq224","article-title":"Statistical criteria for selecting the optimal number of untreated subjects matched to each treated subject when using many-to-one matching on the propensity score","volume":"172","author":"Austin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"2023063011013433500_znad123-B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3083","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.3697","article-title":"Balance diagnostics for comparing the distribution of baseline covariates between treatment groups in propensity-score matched samples","volume":"28","author":"Austin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"key":"2023063011013433500_znad123-B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1759-7714.2012.00117.x","article-title":"Current concepts in the management of leakages after esophagectomy","volume":"3","author":"Mardin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Thorac Cancer"},{"key":"2023063011013433500_znad123-B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejso.2023.01.010","article-title":"Practice variation in anastomotic leak after esophagectomy: unravelling differences in failure to rescue","author":"Ubels","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur J Surg Oncol"},{"key":"2023063011013433500_znad123-B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2874","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-019-05080-1","article-title":"International variation in surgical practices in units performing oesophagectomy for oesophageal cancer: a unit survey from the Oesophago-Gastric Anastomosis Audit (OGAA)","volume":"43","author":"West Midlands Research Collaborative","year":"2019","journal-title":"World J Surg"},{"key":"2023063011013433500_znad123-B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1055","DOI":"10.1007\/s11605-011-1731-3","article-title":"Volume-outcome relationship in surgery for esophageal malignancy: systematic review and meta-analysis 2000\u20132011","volume":"16","author":"Markar","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Gastrointest Surg"},{"key":"2023063011013433500_znad123-B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1574","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(20010415)91:8<1574::AID-CNCR1168>3.0.CO;2-2","article-title":"Hospital volume and hospital mortality for esophagectomy","volume":"91","author":"van Lanschot","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"2023063011013433500_znad123-B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.10175","article-title":"Management and outcomes of anastomotic leaks after oesophagectomy","volume":"103","author":"Dent","year":"2016","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"2023063011013433500_znad123-B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2004.10.024","article-title":"Selective management of intrathoracic anastomotic leak after esophagectomy","volume":"129","author":"Crestanello","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"2023063011013433500_znad123-B42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000003416","article-title":"Comparison of endoscopic vacuum therapy and endoscopic stent implantation with self-expandable metal stent in treating postsurgical gastroesophageal leakage","volume":"95","author":"Hwang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"2023063011013433500_znad123-B43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1703","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-013-3379-4","article-title":"Covered self-expanding stent treatment for anastomotic leakage: outcomes in esophagogastric and esophagojejunal anastomoses","volume":"28","author":"Hoeppner","year":"2014","journal-title":"Surg Endosc"},{"key":"2023063011013433500_znad123-B44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1229","DOI":"10.1007\/s11605-015-2847-7","article-title":"Comparison of endoscopic vacuum therapy versus stent for anastomotic leak after esophagectomy","volume":"19","author":"Mennigen","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Gastrointest Surg"},{"key":"2023063011013433500_znad123-B45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/bjsopen\/zrac030","article-title":"Eso-Sponge\u00ae for anastomotic leakage after oesophageal resection or perforation: outcomes from a national, prospective multicentre registry","volume":"6","author":"Richter","year":"2022","journal-title":"BJS Open"},{"key":"2023063011013433500_znad123-B46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.21037\/jtd.2018.12.13","article-title":"Management of anastomotic leaks following esophagectomy: when to intervene?","volume":"11","author":"Manghelli","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Thorac Dis"},{"key":"2023063011013433500_znad123-B47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5090","DOI":"10.1177\/0300060518790405","article-title":"Practice of cervical end-esophageal exteriorization in patients with severe intrathoracic anastomotic leakage after esophagectomy","volume":"46","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Int Med Res"},{"key":"2023063011013433500_znad123-B48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1491","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0908821","article-title":"A step-up approach or open necrosectomy for necrotizing pancreatitis","volume":"362","author":"van Santvoort","year":"2010","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2023063011013433500_znad123-B49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.g6802","article-title":"Innovative research methods for studying treatments for rare diseases: methodological review","volume":"349","author":"Gagne","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMJ"}],"container-title":["British Journal of Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/bjs\/article-pdf\/110\/7\/852\/50750258\/znad123.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/bjs\/article-pdf\/110\/7\/852\/50750258\/znad123.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,13]],"date-time":"2023-12-13T06:02:39Z","timestamp":1702447359000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/bjs\/article\/110\/7\/852\/7169396"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,17]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,17]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,12]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/bjs\/znad123","relation":{},"ISSN":["0007-1323","1365-2168"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0007-1323","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2168","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,17]]}}}