{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T22:47:55Z","timestamp":1777589275901,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,16]],"date-time":"2022-08-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1660608000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":43,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000272","name":"National Institute for Health and Care Research","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000272","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Oxford Health Biomedical Research Centre","award":["BRC-1215-20005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BRC-1215-20005"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001320","name":"Wolfson Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001320","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011705","name":"MQ Mental Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011705","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"NIHR Oxford Health BRC Senior Research Fellow"},{"name":"UK National Health Service"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000276","name":"UK Department of Health","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000276","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Post-COVID cognitive deficits (often referred to as \u2018brain fog\u2019) are common and have large impacts on patients\u2019 level of functioning. No specific intervention exists to mitigate this burden.<\/jats:p><jats:p>This study tested the hypothesis, inspired by recent experimental research, that post-COVID cognitive deficits can be prevented by inhibiting receptor-interacting protein kinase. Using electronic health record data, we compared the cognitive outcomes of propensity score-matched cohorts of patients with epilepsy taking phenytoin (a commonly used receptor-interacting protein kinase inhibitor) versus valproate or levetiracetam at the time of COVID-19 diagnosis. Patients taking phenytoin at the time of COVID-19 were at a significantly lower risk of cognitive deficits in the 6 months after COVID-19 infection than a matched cohort of patients receiving levetiracetam (hazard ratio 0.78, 95% confidence interval 0.63\u20130.97, P\u2009=\u20090.024) or valproate (hazard ratio 0.73, 95% confidence interval 0.58\u20130.93, P\u2009=\u20090.011). In secondary analyses, results were robust when controlling for subtype of epilepsy, and showed specificity to cognitive deficits in that similar associations were not seen with other \u2018long-COVID\u2019 outcomes such as persistent breathlessness or pain. These findings provide pharmacoepidemiological support for the hypothesis that receptor-interacting protein kinase signaling is involved in post-COVID cognitive deficits. These results should prompt empirical investigations of receptor-interacting protein kinase inhibitors in the prevention of post-COVID cognitive deficits.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/braincomms\/fcac206","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,16]],"date-time":"2022-08-16T18:07:13Z","timestamp":1660673233000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Exposure to phenytoin associates with a lower risk of post-COVID cognitive deficits: a cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"4","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8987-952X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maxime","family":"Taquet","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford , Oxford , UK"},{"name":"Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust , Oxford , UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6719-1126","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paul J","family":"Harrison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford , Oxford , UK"},{"name":"Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust , Oxford , UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,16]]},"reference":[{"issue":"9","key":"2022082311455354000_fcac206-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1003773","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1003773","article-title":"Incidence, co-occurrence, and evolution of long-COVID features: A 6-month retrospective cohort study of 273,618 survivors of COVID-19","volume":"18","author":"Taquet","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS Med."},{"issue":"5","key":"2022082311455354000_fcac206-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(21)00084-5","article-title":"6-Month neurological and psychiatric outcomes in 236 379 survivors of COVID-19: A retrospective cohort study using electronic health 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