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Purinergic signaling via P2Y1 receptors controls the migration of intermediate precursor cells from the ventricular zone to the subventricular zone. It was also reported that the blockade of A2A receptors (A2AR) controls the tangential migration of somatostatin+ interneurons. Here we found that A2AR control radial migration of cortical projection neurons. In A2AR-knockout (KO) mouse embryos or na\u00efve mouse embryos exposed to an A2AR antagonist, we observed an accumulation of early-born migrating neurons in the lower intermediate zone at late embryogenesis. In utero knockdown of A2AR also caused an accumulation of neurons at the lower intermediate zone before birth. This entails the presently identified ability of A2AR to promote multipolar\u2013bipolar transition and axon formation, critical for the transition of migrating neurons from the intermediate zone to the cortical plate. This effect seems to require extracellular ATP-derived adenosine since a similar accumulation of neurons at the lower intermediate zone was observed in mice lacking ecto-5\u2032-nucleotidase (CD73-KO). These findings frame adenosine as a fine-tune regulator of the wiring of cortical inhibitory and excitatory networks.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhab188","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,4]],"date-time":"2021-06-04T11:28:00Z","timestamp":1622806080000},"page":"5652-5663","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Adenosine A2A Receptors Contribute to the Radial Migration of Cortical Projection Neurons through the Regulation of Neuronal Polarization and Axon Formation"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Sofia","family":"Al\u00e7ada-Morais","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CNC\u2014Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3004-504, Portugal"},{"name":"Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3030-789, Portugal"}]},{"given":"N\u00e9lio","family":"Gon\u00e7alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CNC\u2014Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3004-504, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ver\u00f3nica","family":"Moreno-Juan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Neurociencias, CSIC-UMH, San Juan de Alicante 03550, Spain"}]},{"given":"Bel\u00e9n","family":"Andres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Neurociencias, CSIC-UMH, San Juan de Alicante 03550, Spain"}]},{"given":"Sofia","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CNC\u2014Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3004-504, Portugal"},{"name":"Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3030-789, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Joana M","family":"Marques","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CNC\u2014Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3004-504, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Joana","family":"Magalh\u00e3es","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CNC\u2014Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3004-504, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o M M","family":"Rocha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CNC\u2014Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3004-504, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Xinli","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CNC\u2014Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3004-504, Portugal"},{"name":"Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3030-789, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Matilde","family":"Partid\u00e1rio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CNC\u2014Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3004-504, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Rodrigo A","family":"Cunha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CNC\u2014Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3004-504, Portugal"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3004-504, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Guillermina","family":"L\u00f3pez-Bendito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Neurociencias, CSIC-UMH, San Juan de Alicante 03550, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7631-743X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ricardo J","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CNC\u2014Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3004-504, Portugal"},{"name":"Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3030-789, Portugal"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021110415170471200_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13720","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3018-09.2009","article-title":"Control of cortical axon elongation by a GABA-driven Ca2+\/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase cascade","volume":"29","author":"Ageta-Ishihara","year":"2009","journal-title":"J 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