{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T20:36:18Z","timestamp":1772138178790,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,22]],"date-time":"2020-05-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1590105600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010663","name":"European Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["670798"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["670798"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004063","name":"Knut och Alice Wallenbergs Stiftelse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018.0152"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018.0152"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004063","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In response to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, countries have implemented various strategies to reduce and slow the spread of the disease in the general population. For countries that have implemented restrictions on its population in a stepwise manner, monitoring of COVID-19 prevalence is of importance to guide the decision on when to impose new, or when to abolish old, restrictions. We are here determining whether measures of odor intensity in a large sample can serve as one such measure. Online measures of how intense common household odors are perceived and symptoms of COVID-19 were collected from 2440 Swedes. Average odor intensity ratings were then compared to predicted COVID-19 population prevalence over time in the Swedish population and were found to closely track each other (r = \u22120.83). Moreover, we found that there was a large difference in rated intensity between individuals with and without COVID-19 symptoms and the number of symptoms was related to odor intensity ratings. Finally, we found that individuals progressing from reporting no symptoms to subsequently reporting COVID-19 symptoms demonstrated a large drop in olfactory performance. These data suggest that measures of odor intensity, if obtained in a large and representative sample, can be used as an indicator of COVID-19 disease in the general population. Importantly, this simple measure could easily be implemented in countries without widespread access to COVID-19 testing or implemented as a fast early response before widespread testing can be facilitated.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/chemse\/bjaa034","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,21]],"date-time":"2020-05-21T07:08:08Z","timestamp":1590044888000},"page":"449-456","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["Relationship Between Odor Intensity Estimates and COVID-19 Prevalence Prediction in a Swedish Population"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"45","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9905-1067","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Behzad","family":"Iravani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden"}]},{"given":"Artin","family":"Arshamian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden"}]},{"given":"Aharon","family":"Ravia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel"}]},{"given":"Eva","family":"Mishor","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel"}]},{"given":"Kobi","family":"Snitz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel"}]},{"given":"Sagit","family":"Shushan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel"},{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery, Edith Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel"}]},{"given":"Yehudah","family":"Roth","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery, Edith Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel"}]},{"given":"Ofer","family":"Perl","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel"}]},{"given":"Danielle","family":"Honigstein","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel"}]},{"given":"Reut","family":"Weissgross","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel"}]},{"given":"Shiri","family":"Karagach","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel"}]},{"given":"Gernot","family":"Ernst","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Vestre Viken, Kongsberg Hospital and Psychological Institute, University in Oslo, Forskningsveien, Oslo, Norway"}]},{"given":"Masako","family":"Okamoto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan"}]},{"given":"Zachary","family":"Mainen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Champalimaud Research, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Erminio","family":"Monteleone","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry, University of Florence, Florence, Italy"}]},{"given":"Caterina","family":"Dinnella","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry, University of Florence, Florence, Italy"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Spinelli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry, University of Florence, Florence, Italy"}]},{"given":"Franklin","family":"Mari\u00f1o-S\u00e1nchez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Rhinology and Skull Base Surgery Unit, Otorhinolaryngology Department, Ram\u00f3n y Cajal University Hospital, Madrid, Spain"}]},{"given":"Camille","family":"Ferdenzi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, CNRS\u2014INSERM\u2014University Claude Bernard of Lyon, Bron, France"}]},{"given":"Monique","family":"Smeets","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan, CS Utrecht, the Netherlands"}]},{"given":"Kazushige","family":"Touhara","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2991-3036","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Moustafa","family":"Bensafi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, CNRS\u2014INSERM\u2014University Claude Bernard of Lyon, Bron, France"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9713-0183","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas","family":"Hummel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Smell and Taste Clinic, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, TU Dresden, Fetscherstrasse, Dresden, Germany"}]},{"given":"Noam","family":"Sobel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3529-8981","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Johan N","family":"Lundstr\u00f6m","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden"},{"name":"Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"2020070705341864100_CIT0001a","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acra.2020.05.013","article-title":"MRI evaluation of the olfactory clefts in patients with 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