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Mere presence has been found to reduce vigilance. However, animal research has also shown that chemosignals (e.g., sweat) produced during fear-inducing situations modulate individuals\u2019 threat detection strategies. In the case of humans, little is known about how exposure to conspecifics\u2019 fear chemosignals modulates vigilance and threat detection effectiveness. This study (N = 59) examined how human fear chemosignals affect vigilance strategies and threat avoidance in its receivers. We relied on a paradigm that simulates a \u201cforaging under threat\u201d situation in the lab, integrated with an eye-tracker to examine the attention allocation. Our results showed that the exposure to fear chemosignals (vs. rest chemosignals and a no-sweat condition) while not changing vigilance behavior leads to faster answers to threatening events. In conclusion, fear chemosignals seem to constitute an important warning signal for human beings, possibly leading their receiver to a readiness state that allows faster reactions to threat-related events.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/chemse\/bjab005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,6]],"date-time":"2021-02-06T20:09:01Z","timestamp":1612642141000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["The Function of Fear Chemosignals: Preparing for Danger"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Nuno","family":"Gomes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"William James Center for Research, ISPA \u2013 Instituto Universit\u00e1rio, Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5304-5566","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"G\u00fcn R","family":"Semin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"William James Center for Research, ISPA \u2013 Instituto Universit\u00e1rio, Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"Faculty of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,11]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1662","key":"2021121002544414300_CIT0001","first-page":"1635","article-title":"Orienting to threat: faster localization of fearful facial expressions and body postures revealed by saccadic eye movements","volume":"276","author":"Bannerman","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc Biol Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021121002544414300_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.2466\/pr0.1972.31.2.577","article-title":"Human ethology: the snack-bar security syndrome","volume":"31","author":"Barash","year":"1972","journal-title":"Psychol Rep"},{"key":"2021121002544414300_CIT0003","volume-title":"Animal vigilance\u202f: monitoring predators and competitors","author":"Beauchamp","year":"2015"},{"key":"2021121002544414300_CIT0004","first-page":"64","article-title":"Living in groups: predator and prey","volume-title":"Behavioural Ecology","author":"Bertram","year":"1978"},{"issue":"6758","key":"2021121002544414300_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1038\/46035","article-title":"Conflict monitoring versus selection-for-action in anterior cingulate cortex","volume":"402","author":"Botvinick","year":"1999","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"3","key":"2021121002544414300_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1006\/anbe.1999.1173","article-title":"Fin-flicking behaviour: a visual antipredator alarm signal in a characin fish, Hemigrammus erythrozonus","volume":"58","author":"Brown","year":"1999","journal-title":"Anim Behav"},{"issue":"4","key":"2021121002544414300_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"872","DOI":"10.1093\/auk\/97.4.872","article-title":"Avian time budgets and distance to cover","volume":"97","author":"Caraco","year":"1980","journal-title":"The Auk: Ornitholog Adv"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021121002544414300_CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1162\/089892904322984481","article-title":"Processing words with emotional connotation: an FMRI study of time course and laterality in rostral frontal and retrosplenial cortices","volume":"16","author":"Cato","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Cogn Neurosci"},{"issue":"4","key":"2021121002544414300_CIT0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1093\/beheco\/aru050","article-title":"Effects of predation risk on group size, vigilance, and foraging behavior in an African ungulate community","volume":"25","author":"Creel","year":"2014","journal-title":"Behav. 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