{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,3]],"date-time":"2026-05-03T12:38:42Z","timestamp":1777811922024,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,3]],"date-time":"2025-01-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735862400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"UK Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004440","name":"Wellcome","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["215091\/Z\/18\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["215091\/Z\/18\/Z"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004440","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000865","name":"Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["OPP1209135"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OPP1209135"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000865","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"MPX-Response","award":["101115188"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101115188"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The global mpox outbreak that started in May 2022 was caused by a novel clade IIb variant of the mpox virus (Orthopoxvirus monkeypox, MPXV). It differed from the traditional Western and Central Africa disease in transmission patterns and clinical presentation.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To address the need for detailed clinical and virologic data, we conducted an observational cohort study (MOSAIC) during May 2022\u2013July 2023 in individuals with confirmed MPXV infection enrolled in 6 European countries. Case management decisions were left to the attending physician. Participants were monitored for up to 6 months for clinical signs\/symptoms and clinical and virologic outcomes through hospital visits, phone interviews, and self-administered questionnaires. Outcomes included time to lesion resolution, clinical status, and virus clearance.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The 518 participants not receiving any specific treatment (\u201cuntreated\u201d) were diagnosed a median 5 days from symptom onset; 90% were managed as outpatients. Lesions were mostly cutaneous (88%) and perigenital (74%). By day 14 from the first polymerase chain reaction (PCR)\u2013positive sample, 39% had resolved lesions. Time to 95% unculturable virus was longest in cutaneous lesions (52 days). A putative systemic antiviral was available for 57 participants, 44% as inpatients; 34% and 58% had resolved lesions by day 14 from the first PCR-positive sample and from treatment start, respectively. Time to 95% unculturable virus was 60 days in skin and oropharynx. No death or recrudescence occurred by day 180.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>MOSAIC provides comprehensive insights into the clinical and virologic characteristics of mpox caused by the clade IIb variant. The study forms the basis of clinical characterization for ongoing mpox outbreaks.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciae657","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,3]],"date-time":"2025-01-03T13:23:16Z","timestamp":1735910596000},"page":"1060-1073","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Clinical Characterization and Outcomes of Human Clade IIb Mpox Virus Disease: A European Multicenter Mpox Observational Cohort Study (MOSAIC)"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"80","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-0133-5009","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elise","family":"Pesonel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"International Severe Acute Respiratory and Emerging Infection Consortium\u2013Pandemic Sciences Institute, University of Oxford , Oxford ,","place":["United Kingdom"]}]},{"given":"C\u00e9dric","family":"Laou\u00e9nan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Biostatistics and Clinical Research, Assistance Publique\u2013H\u00f4pitaux de Paris (AP-HP) Nord, H\u00f4pital Bichat, Paris ,","place":["France"]},{"name":"Infections, Antimicrobials, Modelling, Evolution (IAME) Research Centre, Unit\u00e9 mixte de recherche(UMR) 1137 , Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9, Institut national de la sant\u00e9 et de la recherche m\u00e9dicale (INSERM), Paris ,","place":["France"]}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3230-934X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laetitia","family":"Guiraud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HIV\/AIDS Unit, Division of Infectious Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals , Geneva ,","place":["Switzerland"]}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4687-8380","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Josephine","family":"Bourner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Severe Acute Respiratory and Emerging Infection Consortium\u2013Pandemic Sciences Institute, University of Oxford , Oxford ,","place":["United Kingdom"]}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3861-8768","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isabelle","family":"Hoffmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Biostatistics and Clinical Research, Assistance Publique\u2013H\u00f4pitaux de Paris (AP-HP) Nord, H\u00f4pital Bichat, Paris ,","place":["France"]}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2188-3880","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diana","family":"Molino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM, National Agency for Research on AIDS and Viral Hepatitis\u2013Emerging Infectious Diseases, Paris ,","place":["France"]}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2304-9910","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Coralie","family":"Tardivon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Biostatistics and Clinical Research, Assistance Publique\u2013H\u00f4pitaux de Paris (AP-HP) Nord, H\u00f4pital Bichat, Paris 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