{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]],"date-time":"2026-04-03T01:27:20Z","timestamp":1775179640451,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,12]],"date-time":"2022-09-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1662940800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004325","name":"AstraZeneca","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004325","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,24]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Chronic kidney disease (CKD) represents a global public health burden, but its true prevalence is not fully characterized in the majority of countries. We studied the CKD prevalence in adult users of the primary, secondary and tertiary healthcare units of an integrated health region in northern Portugal (n\u00a0=\u00a0136\u00a0993; representing \u223c90% of the region\u2019s adult population). Of these, 45\u00a0983 (33.6%) had at least two estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) assessments and 30\u00a0534 (22.2%) had at least two urinary albumin:creatinine ratio (UACR) assessments separated by at least 3\u00a0months. CKD was defined according to the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) guidelines as a persistent decrease in eGFR (&amp;lt;60\u00a0ml\/min\/1.73\u00a0m2) and\/or an increase in UACR (\u226530\u00a0mg\/g). The estimated overall prevalence of CKD was 9.8% and was higher in females (5.5%) than males (4.2%). From these, it was possible to stratify 4.7% according to KDIGO guidelines. The prevalence of CKD was higher in older patients (especially in patients &amp;gt;70\u00a0years old) and in patients with comorbidities.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>This is the first real-world-based study to characterize CKD prevalence in a large, unselected Portuguese population. It probably provides the nearest estimate of the true CKD prevalence and may help healthcare providers to guide CKD-related policies and strategies focused on prevention and on the improvement of cardiovascular disease and other outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/ckj\/sfac206","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,12]],"date-time":"2022-09-12T18:34:51Z","timestamp":1663007691000},"page":"111-124","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Twenty years of real-world data to estimate chronic kidney disease prevalence and staging in an unselected population"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6166-7074","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carla","family":"Santos-Ara\u00fajo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"UnIC@RISE, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto , Porto , Portugal"},{"name":"Nephrology Department, Pedro Hispano Hospital , Senhora da Hora, Matosinhos , Portugal"}]},{"given":"Lu\u00eds","family":"Mendon\u00e7a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UnIC@RISE, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto , Porto , Portugal"},{"name":"Nephrology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universit\u00e1rio S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o , EPE, Porto , Portugal"}]},{"given":"Daniel Seabra","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Medicine, Information and Decision in Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto , Porto , Portugal"}]},{"given":"Filipa","family":"Bernardo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Department, AstraZeneca , Barcarena , Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7068-3132","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marisa","family":"Pardal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Department, AstraZeneca , Barcarena , Portugal"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Couceiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Department, AstraZeneca , Barcarena , Portugal"}]},{"given":"Hugo","family":"Martinho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Department, AstraZeneca , Barcarena , Portugal"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Gavina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology Department, Pedro Hispano Hospital , Senhora da Hora, Matosinhos , Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0998-6000","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tiago","family":"Taveira-Gomes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Medicine, Information and Decision in Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto , Porto , Portugal"},{"name":"MTG Research and Development Lab , Porto , Portugal"},{"name":"Center for Health Technology and Services Research , Porto , Portugal"},{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, University Fernando Pessoa , Porto , Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7430-6297","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ricardo Jorge","family":"Dinis-Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MTG Research and Development Lab , Porto , Portugal"},{"name":"Toxicology Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences, Advanced Polytechnic and University Cooperative , CRL, Gandra , Portugal"},{"name":"UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto , Porto , Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Public Health and Forensic Sciences, and Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto , Porto , Portugal"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023012409565779900_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-158-11-201306040-00007","article-title":"Evaluation and management of chronic kidney disease: synopsis of the kidney 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