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Given the increased exposure of these ecosystems to anthropogenic activities, it is crucial to study the ecology of this species and interactions with human stressors to establish management measures. We collected regurgitates (n = 182) and blood samples (n = 48) to study Little Terns\u2019 diet, health condition and isotopic niche, and individually tracked breeding adults (n\u2005=\u20059, during 2021 and 2022) at 2 sandy beaches 21 km apart and located within Ria Formosa Natural Park, Algarve, Portugal. Although both areas are adjacent to foraging coastal marine areas and an estuarine lagoon system with saltpans, they differ in human disturbance. We also compared breeding success and adult health measures between these 2 colonies. The main prey for both populations were Sand Smelts Atherina spp. and Gobies Pomatoschistus spp., and no differences in \u03b413C and \u03b415N stable isotopic values between colonies were found. Tracking data revealed that individuals foraged in the surroundings of their breeding colonies. Entrance Channels and Ocean were the most frequently used habitats for foraging by individuals from the less disturbed colony. Adults from the more disturbed colony foraged mostly in Entrance Channels. Overall, all individuals tended to forage during daytime. There were no differences in health measures of individuals between colonies, though breeding success at the most disturbed colony was comparably lower. It is important to protect both breeding areas and adjacent foraging habitats for Little Terns, particularly given the expected increasing pressure from human activities on coastal areas worldwide.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/cz\/zoaf005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,20]],"date-time":"2025-01-20T07:14:24Z","timestamp":1737357264000},"page":"603-612","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Spatial and trophic ecology of the estuarine Little Tern\n                    <i>Sternula albifrons<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"71","author":[{"given":"Lara R","family":"Cerveira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre\/ARNET Aquatic Research Network , Cal\u00e7ada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra ,","place":["Portugal"]}]},{"given":"Jorge M","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre\/ARNET Aquatic Research Network , Cal\u00e7ada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra ,","place":["Portugal"]}]},{"given":"Sara N","family":"Ver\u00edssimo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre\/ARNET Aquatic Research Network , Cal\u00e7ada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra ,","place":["Portugal"]}]},{"given":"V\u00edtor H","family":"Paiva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre\/ARNET Aquatic Research Network , Cal\u00e7ada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra ,","place":["Portugal"]}]},{"given":"Jaime A","family":"Ramos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre\/ARNET Aquatic Research Network , Cal\u00e7ada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra ,","place":["Portugal"]}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025102303071191600_CIT0001","first-page":"1","article-title":"Guia para a identifica\u00e7\u00e3o de algumas fam\u00edlias de peixes \u00f3sseos de Portugal continental, atrav\u00e9s da morfologia dos seus ot\u00f3litos sagitta","author":"Assis","year":"2004","journal-title":"C\u00e2mara Municipal de Cascais: Cascais"},{"key":"2025102303071191600_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1474-919X.2010.01054.x","article-title":"Prey capture success of Sandwich Terns Sterna sandvicensis varies non-linearly with water transparency","volume":"152","author":"Baptist","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ibis"},{"key":"2025102303071191600_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1890\/10-1510.1","article-title":"The value of estuarine and coastal ecosystem services","volume":"81","author":"Barbier","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ecol Monogr"},{"key":"2025102303071191600_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v067.i01","article-title":"Fitting linear mixed-effects models using lme4","volume":"67","author":"Bates","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Stat Softw"},{"key":"2025102303071191600_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00317883","article-title":"Temporal and spatial pattern of Common Tern (Sterna hirundo) foraging in the Wadden Sea","volume":"93","author":"Becker","year":"1993","journal-title":"Oecologia"},{"key":"2025102303071191600_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1139\/z70-098","article-title":"Simple techniques for making avian blood smears","volume":"48","author":"Bennett","year":"1970","journal-title":"Can J Zool"},{"key":"2025102303071191600_CIT0007","first-page":"37","article-title":"Selection of foraging habitats by Little Terns (Sterna albifrons) at the Ebro Delta (NE Spain)","volume":"21","author":"Bertolero","year":"2005","journal-title":"Rev Catalana Ornitol"},{"key":"2025102303071191600_CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/S0013-9351(03)00120-8","article-title":"Contamination with nonessential metals from a solid-waste incinerator correlates with nutritional and immunological stress in prefledgling Black Kites (Milvus migrans)","volume":"94","author":"Blanco","year":"2004","journal-title":"Environ Res"},{"key":"2025102303071191600_CIT0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.5038\/2074-1235.37.3.841","article-title":"A practical introduction to stable-isotope analysis for seabirds biologists: approaches, cautions and caveats","volume":"37","author":"Bond","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mar Ornithol"},{"key":"2025102303071191600_CIT0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-3207(87)90133-9","article-title":"An ecological account of a Mediterranean salina: the Salin de Giraud, Camargue (S. 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