{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T11:42:34Z","timestamp":1776080554999,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":9,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,6]],"date-time":"2021-07-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625529600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,28]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background and Aims<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Capsule endoscopy is a central element in the management of patients with suspected or known Crohn\u2019s disease. In 2017, PillCam\u2122 Crohn\u2019s Capsule was introduced and demonstrated to have greater accuracy in the evaluation of extension of disease in these patients. Artificial intelligence [AI] is expected to enhance the diagnostic accuracy of capsule endoscopy. This study aimed to develop an AI algorithm for the automatic detection of ulcers and erosions of the small intestine and colon in PillCam\u2122 Crohn\u2019s Capsule images.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A total of 8085 PillCam\u2122 Crohn\u2019s Capsule images were extracted between 2017 and 2020, comprising 2855 images of ulcers and 1975 erosions; the remaining images showed normal enteric and colonic mucosa. This pool of images was subsequently split into training and validation datasets. The performance of the network was subsequently assessed in an independent test set.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The model had an overall sensitivity and specificity of 90.0% and 96.0%, respectively. The precision and accuracy of this model were 97.1% and 92.4%, respectively. In particular, the algorithm detected ulcers with a sensitivity of 83% and specificity of 98%, and erosions with sensitivity and specificity of 91% and 93%, respectively.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A deep learning model capable of automatically detecting ulcers and erosions in PillCam\u2122 Crohn\u2019s Capsule images was developed for the first time. These findings pave the way for the development of automatic systems for detection of clinically significant lesions, optimizing the diagnostic performance and efficiency of monitoring Crohn\u2019s disease activity.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjab117","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,5]],"date-time":"2021-07-05T19:13:22Z","timestamp":1625512402000},"page":"169-172","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":68,"title":["Identification of Ulcers and Erosions by the Novel <i>Pillcam\u2122<\/i> Crohn\u2019s Capsule Using a Convolutional Neural Network: A Multicentre Pilot Study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Jo\u00e3o Pedro Sousa","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Engineering of the University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"INEGI \u2013 Institute of Science and Innovation in Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Miguel Jos\u00e9 da Quinta e Costa","family":"de Mascarenhas Saraiva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o University Hospital, Alameda Professor Hern\u00e2ni Monteiro, Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"World Gastroenterology Organization Gastroenterology and Hepatology Training Center, Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Alameda Professor Hern\u00e2ni Monteiro, Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o Pedro Lima","family":"Afonso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o University Hospital, Alameda Professor Hern\u00e2ni Monteiro, Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"World Gastroenterology Organization Gastroenterology and Hepatology Training Center, Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Tiago Filipe Carneiro","family":"Ribeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o University Hospital, Alameda Professor Hern\u00e2ni Monteiro, Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"World Gastroenterology Organization Gastroenterology and Hepatology Training Center, Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"H\u00e9lder Manuel Casal","family":"Cardoso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o University Hospital, Alameda Professor Hern\u00e2ni Monteiro, Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"World Gastroenterology Organization Gastroenterology and Hepatology Training Center, Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Alameda Professor Hern\u00e2ni Monteiro, Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ana Patr\u00edcia","family":"Ribeiro Andrade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o University Hospital, Alameda Professor Hern\u00e2ni Monteiro, Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"World Gastroenterology Organization Gastroenterology and Hepatology Training Center, Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Alameda Professor Hern\u00e2ni Monteiro, Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Miguel Nuno Gameiro","family":"de Mascarenhas Saraiva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ManopH Gastroenterology Clinic, Rua S\u00e1 da Bandeira 752, Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Marco Paulo Lages","family":"Parente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Engineering of the University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"INEGI \u2013 Institute of Science and Innovation in Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Renato","family":"Natal Jorge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Engineering of the University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"INEGI \u2013 Institute of Science and Innovation in Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Susana Isabel Oliveira","family":"Lopes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o University Hospital, Alameda Professor Hern\u00e2ni Monteiro, Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"World Gastroenterology Organization Gastroenterology and Hepatology Training Center, Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Alameda Professor Hern\u00e2ni Monteiro, Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Guilherme Manuel Gon\u00e7alves","family":"de Macedo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o University Hospital, Alameda Professor Hern\u00e2ni Monteiro, Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"World Gastroenterology Organization Gastroenterology and Hepatology Training Center, Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Alameda Professor Hern\u00e2ni Monteiro, Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022012818435313700_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjy113","article-title":"ECCO-ESGAR Guideline for Diagnostic Assessment in IBD Part 1: initial diagnosis, monitoring of known IBD, detection of complications","volume":"13","author":"Maaser","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Crohns Colitis"},{"key":"2022012818435313700_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(19)30088-3","article-title":"Assessment of small bowel mucosal healing by video capsule endoscopy for the prediction of short-term and long-term risk of Crohn\u2019s disease flare: a prospective cohort study","volume":"4","author":"Ben-Horin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"2022012818435313700_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2019.08.058","article-title":"Application of artificial intelligence to gastroenterology and hepatology","volume":"158","author":"Le Berre","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2022012818435313700_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2018.10.027","article-title":"Automatic detection of erosions and ulcerations in wireless capsule endoscopy images based on a deep convolutional neural network","volume":"89","author":"Aoki","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"2022012818435313700_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2019.11.012","article-title":"Deep learning algorithms for automated detection of Crohn\u2019s disease ulcers by video capsule endoscopy","volume":"91","author":"Klang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"2022012818435313700_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1026","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0029-1215360","article-title":"Prospective multicenter performance evaluation of the second-generation colon capsule compared with colonoscopy","volume":"41","author":"Eliakim","year":"2009","journal-title":"Endoscopy"},{"key":"2022012818435313700_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0031-1291717","article-title":"Colon capsule endoscopy: European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) Guideline","volume":"44","author":"Spada","year":"2012","journal-title":"Endoscopy"},{"key":"2022012818435313700_CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1186\/s12876-020-01231-0","article-title":"Usefulness of panoramic 344\u00b0-viewing in Crohn\u2019s disease capsule endoscopy: a proof of concept pilot study with the novel PillCam\u2122 Crohn\u2019s system","volume":"20","author":"Tontini","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2022012818435313700_CIT0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2020.05.066","article-title":"Ulcer severity grading in video capsule images of patients with Crohn\u2019s disease: an ordinal neural network solution","volume":"93","author":"Barash","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"}],"container-title":["Journal of Crohn's and Colitis"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ecco-jcc\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjab117\/39458339\/jjab117.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ecco-jcc\/article-pdf\/16\/1\/169\/42324023\/jjab117.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ecco-jcc\/article-pdf\/16\/1\/169\/42324023\/jjab117.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,28]],"date-time":"2022-01-28T18:45:15Z","timestamp":1643395515000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ecco-jcc\/article\/16\/1\/169\/6316220"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,6]]},"references-count":9,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,6]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,28]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjab117","relation":{},"ISSN":["1873-9946","1876-4479"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1873-9946","type":"print"},{"value":"1876-4479","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,6]]}}}