{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T01:37:28Z","timestamp":1772933848342,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,27]],"date-time":"2020-01-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1580083200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"name":"Portuguese Group for the Study of IBD"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The relative proportion of inflammation and fibrosis in a stricture is highly relevant in defining the clinical approach for Crohn\u2019s disease [CD] patients. Whereas transmural inflammation in CD can be accurately estimated by cross-sectional imaging, evaluating the extent and severity of fibrosis still requires surgical pathology of intestinal resection specimens. This study systematically reviewed all existing transmural histopathological scoring systems developed for the assessment of inflammation and\/or fibrosis in CD.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A systematic review of histopathological scoring systems for the assessment of transmural inflammation and\/or fibrosis in CD, focusing on originally developed scoring systems. Risk of bias, methodological quality, and operating or psychometric properties [validity, reliability, responsiveness, and feasibility] of each histological scoring system were analysed.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A total of 29 original scoring systems were included in this review. Three scoring systems were highlighted as the most widely reproduced, one aimed at assessing inflammation only and two aimed at assessing inflammation and fibrosis. These scores were more widely reproduced probably due to their ease of application in clinical studies. Two highly comprehensive scores were identified, showing good operating properties and high methodological quality, as well as the lowest risk of bias; these should, therefore, be further validated in clinical research studies.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This study reviewed all existing transmural histopathological scoring systems for the assessment of inflammation and\/or fibrosis in CD and identified the most reliable and accurate scores for clinical research and clinical practice settings.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjz178","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,30]],"date-time":"2019-10-30T12:12:57Z","timestamp":1572437577000},"page":"743-756","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Transmural Histological Scoring Systems in Crohn\u2019s Disease: A Systematic Review With Assessment of Methodological Quality and Operating Properties"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Helena","family":"Tavares de Sousa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology Department \u2013 Portim\u00e3o Unit, Algarve University Hospital Centre, Portim\u00e3o, Portugal"},{"name":"Algarve Biomedical Centre, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Maria Manuela","family":"Estevinho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedicine, Unit of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Laurent","family":"Peyrin-Biroulet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Nancy University Hospital, University of Lorraine, Vand\u0153uvre-l\u00e8s-Nancy, France"}]},{"given":"Silvio","family":"Danese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IBD Center, Department of Gastroenterology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center- IRCCS-, Rozzano, Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy"}]},{"given":"Cl\u00e1udia Camila","family":"Dias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Medicine, Information and Decision in Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Centre for Health Technology and Services Research, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"F\u00e1tima","family":"Carneiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto [Ipatimup]\/i3S, Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2634-9668","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernando","family":"Magro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedicine, Unit of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o University Hospital, Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"MedInUP, Centre for Drug Discovery and Innovative Medicines, Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021040703075649000_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.49.6.777","article-title":"Behaviour of Crohn\u2019s disease according to the Vienna classification: changing pattern over the course of the disease","volume":"49","author":"Louis","year":"2001","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"2021040703075649000_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.14853","article-title":"An expert consensus to standardise definitions, diagnosis and treatment targets for anti-fibrotic stricture therapies in Crohn\u2019s disease","volume":"48","author":"Rieder","year":"2018","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"2021040703075649000_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2016.09.047","article-title":"Mechanisms, management, and treatment of fibrosis in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases","volume":"152","author":"Rieder","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2021040703075649000_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjw055","article-title":"European Crohn\u2019s and Colitis Organisation topical review on prediction, diagnosis, and management of fibrostenosing Crohn\u2019s disease","volume":"10","author":"Rieder","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Crohns Colitis"},{"key":"2021040703075649000_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2009.04.063","article-title":"Time trends in therapies and outcomes for adult inflammatory bowel disease, Northern California, 1998\u20132005","volume":"137","author":"Herrinton","year":"2009","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2021040703075649000_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2009","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2010.139","article-title":"A population-based study of health-care resource use among infliximab users","volume":"105","author":"Nugent","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2021040703075649000_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1331","DOI":"10.5858\/2001-125-1331-OMOTSB","article-title":"Obliterative muscularization of the small bowel submucosa in Crohn disease: a possible mechanism of small bowel obstruction","volume":"125","author":"Koukoulis","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arch Pathol Lab Med"},{"key":"2021040703075649000_CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"984","DOI":"10.1002\/ibd.21414","article-title":"Which magnetic resonance imaging findings accurately evaluate inflammation in small bowel Crohn\u2019s disease? A retrospective comparison with surgical pathologic analysis","volume":"17","author":"Zappa","year":"2011","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"key":"2021040703075649000_CIT0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1002\/ibd.21801","article-title":"Computed tomography enterography findings correlate with tissue inflammation, not fibrosis in resected small bowel Crohn\u2019s disease","volume":"18","author":"Adler","year":"2012","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"key":"2021040703075649000_CIT0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-015-3506-6","article-title":"MR enterography-histology comparison in resected pediatric small bowel Crohn disease strictures: can imaging predict fibrosis?","volume":"46","author":"Barkmeier","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pediatr Radiol"},{"key":"2021040703075649000_CIT0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1097\/00054725-200401000-00009","article-title":"Medical therapy for Crohn\u2019s disease strictures","volume":"10","author":"Van Assche","year":"2004","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"key":"2021040703075649000_CIT0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1016\/S1052-5157(02)00015-6","article-title":"Therapeutic options in the management of strictures in Crohn\u2019s disease","volume":"12","author":"Legnani","year":"2002","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc Clin N Am"},{"key":"2021040703075649000_CIT0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/MIB.0000000000001143","article-title":"Transmural healing is associated with improved long-term outcomes of patients with Crohn\u2019s disease","volume":"23","author":"Fernandes","year":"2017","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"key":"2021040703075649000_CIT0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjy113","article-title":"ECCO-ESGAR Guideline for Diagnostic Assessment in IBD. Part 1: initial diagnosis, monitoring of known IBD, detection of complications","volume":"13","author":"Maaser","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Crohns Colitis"},{"key":"2021040703075649000_CIT0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1097\/MOG.0000000000000440","article-title":"New cross-sectional imaging in IBD","volume":"34","author":"Sousa","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr Opin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2021040703075649000_CIT0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1115","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2018-318081","article-title":"Assessment of Crohn\u2019s disease-associated small bowel strictures and fibrosis on cross-sectional imaging: a systematic review","volume":"68","author":"Bettenworth","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"2021040703075649000_CIT0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2092","DOI":"10.1097\/MIB.0000000000000155","article-title":"Assessment of histologic disease activity in Crohn\u2019s disease: a systematic review","volume":"20","author":"Mojtahed","year":"2014","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"key":"2021040703075649000_CIT0018","first-page":"CD012351","article-title":"Histologic scoring indices for evaluation of disease activity in Crohn\u2019s disease","volume":"7","author":"Novak","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"2021040703075649000_CIT0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","article-title":"ECCO-ESGAR Guideline for Diagnostic Assessment in IBD. Part 2\u202f: IBD scores and general principles and technical aspects","author":"Sturm","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjy114"},{"key":"2021040703075649000_CIT0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2009.06.006","article-title":"The PRISMA statement for reporting systematic reviews and meta-analyses of studies that evaluate health care interventions: explanation and elaboration","volume":"62","author":"Liberati","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"2021040703075649000_CIT0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1000097","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000097","article-title":"Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement","volume":"6","author":"Moher","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"2021040703075649000_CIT0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-010-9606-8","article-title":"The COSMIN checklist for assessing the methodological quality of studies on measurement properties of health status measurement instruments: an international Delphi study","volume":"19","author":"Mokkink","year":"2010","journal-title":"Qual Life Res"},{"key":"2021040703075649000_CIT0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2288-10-22","article-title":"The COSMIN checklist for evaluating the methodological quality of studies on measurement properties: a clarification of its content","volume":"10","author":"Mokkink","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMC Med Res Methodol"},{"key":"2021040703075649000_CIT0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-011-9960-1","article-title":"Rating the methodological quality in systematic reviews of studies on measurement properties: a scoring system for the COSMIN checklist","volume":"21","author":"Terwee","year":"2012","journal-title":"Qual Life Res"},{"key":"2021040703075649000_CIT0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.14141929","article-title":"US-based real-time elastography for the detection of fibrotic gut tissue in patients with stricturing Crohn disease","volume":"275","author":"Baumgart","year":"2015","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"2021040703075649000_CIT0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejro.2016.03.001","article-title":"Crohn\u2019s disease activity: abdominal computed tomography histopathology correlation","volume":"3","author":"Paquet","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur J Radiol Open"},{"key":"2021040703075649000_CIT0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0182071","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0182071","article-title":"NF-kappa B activation correlates with disease phenotype in Crohn\u2019s disease","volume":"12","author":"Han","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2021040703075649000_CIT0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800820217","article-title":"Endoscopic and external bowel changes and histopathology in patients with Crohn\u2019s disease","volume":"82","author":"Smedh","year":"1995","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"2021040703075649000_CIT0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2036.2003.01673.x","article-title":"Small bowel stenosis in Crohn\u2019s disease: clinical, biochemical and ultrasonographic evaluation of histological features","volume":"18","author":"Maconi","year":"2003","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"2021040703075649000_CIT0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.1016\/S1542-3565(04)00346-5","article-title":"Ex vivo histology-correlated optical coherence tomography in the detection of transmural inflammation in Crohn\u2019s disease","volume":"2","author":"Shen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"2021040703075649000_CIT0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2541","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2007.01537.x","article-title":"Correlation of CT enteroclysis with surgical pathology in Crohn\u2019s disease","volume":"102","author":"Chiorean","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2021040703075649000_CIT0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0029-1245398","article-title":"Comparison between preoperative quantitative assessment of bowel wall vascularization by contrast-enhanced ultrasound and operative macroscopic findings and results of histopathological scoring in Crohn\u2019s disease","volume":"32","author":"Girlich","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ultraschall Med"},{"key":"2021040703075649000_CIT0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1928","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2014.05.016","article-title":"Distinctive histopathologic phenotype in resection specimens from patients with Crohn\u2019s disease receiving anti-TNF-\u03b1 therapy","volume":"45","author":"Schaeffer","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hum Pathol"},{"key":"2021040703075649000_CIT0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjw126","article-title":"Smooth muscle hyperplasia\/hypertrophy is the most prominent histological change in Crohn\u2019s fibrostenosing bowel strictures: a semiquantitative analysis by using a novel histological grading scheme","volume":"11","author":"Chen","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Crohns Colitis"},{"key":"2021040703075649000_CIT0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0190999","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0190999","article-title":"Intestinal fibrosis is associated with lack of response to infliximab therapy in Crohn\u2019s disease","volume":"13","author":"de Bruyn","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2021040703075649000_CIT0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800700904","article-title":"The influence of disease at the margin of resection on the outcome of Crohn\u2019s disease","volume":"70","author":"Heuman","year":"1983","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"2021040703075649000_CIT0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02049707","article-title":"Do microscopic abnormalities at resection margins correlate with increased anastomotic recurrence in Crohn\u2019s disease? Retrospective analysis of 100 cases","volume":"34","author":"Kotanagi","year":"1991","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"2021040703075649000_CIT0038","first-page":"149","article-title":"Strain assessment in surgically resected inflammatory and neoplastic bowel lesions","volume":"35","author":"Havre","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ultraschall Med"},{"key":"2021040703075649000_CIT0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-198009000-00006","article-title":"Surgical management of Crohn\u2019s disease. Influence of disease at margin of resection","volume":"192","author":"Pennington","year":"1980","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"2021040703075649000_CIT0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"G1307","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.2000.279.6.G1307","article-title":"IGF-I and procollagen alpha1[I] are coexpressed in a subset of mesenchymal cells in active Crohn\u2019s disease","volume":"279","author":"Pucilowska","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol"},{"key":"2021040703075649000_CIT0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3367","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.15.3367","article-title":"Correlation of MRI-determined small bowel Crohn\u2019s disease categories with medical response and surgical pathology","volume":"15","author":"Lawrance","year":"2009","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2021040703075649000_CIT0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"792","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2015150566","article-title":"Evaluation of quantitative PET\/MR enterography biomarkers for discrimination of inflammatory strictures from fibrotic strictures in Crohn disease","volume":"278","author":"Catalano","year":"2016","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"2021040703075649000_CIT0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjx186","article-title":"Magnetic resonance imaging predicts histopathologic composition of ileal Crohn\u2019s disease","author":"Wagner","year":"2018, 2","journal-title":"J Crohns Colitis"},{"key":"2021040703075649000_CIT0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1080\/00365520801898855","article-title":"Crohn\u2019s disease: comparison of in vitro ultrasonographic images and histology","volume":"43","author":"Nylund","year":"2008","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2021040703075649000_CIT0045","first-page":"23","article-title":"The influence of microscopic disease at the margin of resection on recurrence rates in Crohn\u2019s disease","volume":"68","author":"Cooper","year":"1986","journal-title":"Ann R Coll Surg Engl"},{"key":"2021040703075649000_CIT0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1754-9485.2010.02223.x","article-title":"Relative efficacy of different MRI signs in diagnosing active Crohn\u2019s disease, compared against a histological gold standard","volume":"55","author":"Lasocki","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Med Imaging Radiat Oncol"},{"key":"2021040703075649000_CIT0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1007\/s11605-015-3002-1","article-title":"Angiogenesis and vascular endothelial growth factor-a expression associated with inflammation in pediatric Crohn\u2019s disease","volume":"20","author":"Knod","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Gastrointest Surg"},{"key":"2021040703075649000_CIT0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjv207","article-title":"PET\/MR versus PET\/CT imaging: impact on the clinical management of small-bowel Crohn\u2019s disease","volume":"10","author":"Pellino","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Crohns Colitis"},{"key":"2021040703075649000_CIT0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9896(200002)190:2<196::AID-PATH513>3.0.CO;2-5","article-title":"The relationship between inflammatory and serosal connective tissue changes in ileal Crohn\u2019s disease: evidence for a possible causative link","volume":"190","author":"Borley","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Pathol"},{"key":"2021040703075649000_CIT0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(98)70476-7","article-title":"Early lesions of recurrent Crohn\u2019s disease caused by infusion of intestinal contents in excluded ileum","volume":"114","author":"D\u2019Haens","year":"1998","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2021040703075649000_CIT0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5107(04)01878-4","article-title":"Development and validation of a new, simplified endoscopic activity score for Crohn\u2019s disease: the SES-CD","volume":"60","author":"Daperno","year":"2004","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"2021040703075649000_CIT0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2014.424","article-title":"Characterization of inflammation and fibrosis in Crohn\u2019s disease lesions by magnetic resonance imaging","volume":"110","author":"Rimola","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2021040703075649000_CIT0053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1111\/codi.13613","article-title":"Accuracy of magnetic resonance enterography in the preoperative assessment of patients with Crohn\u2019s disease of the small bowel","volume":"19","author":"Pous-Serrano","year":"2017","journal-title":"Colorectal Dis"},{"key":"2021040703075649000_CIT0054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2017.02.064","article-title":"Correlation between fecal calprotectin and inflammation in the surgical specimen of Crohn\u2019s disease","volume":"213","author":"Pous-Serrano","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Surg Res"},{"key":"2021040703075649000_CIT0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-016-3704-x","article-title":"Ultrasound and MRI predictors of surgical bowel resection in pediatric Crohn disease","volume":"47","author":"Rosenbaum","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pediatr Radiol"},{"key":"2021040703075649000_CIT0056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2523082167","article-title":"Mural inflammation in Crohn disease: location-matched histologic validation of MR imaging features","volume":"252","author":"Punwani","year":"2009","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"2021040703075649000_CIT0057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acra.2014.05.002","article-title":"Biochemical markers and MR imaging findings as predictors of crohn disease activity in patients scanned by contrast-enhanced MR enterography","volume":"21","author":"Quaia","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acad Radiol"},{"key":"2021040703075649000_CIT0058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-013-3015-7","article-title":"Evaluation of conventional, dynamic contrast enhanced and diffusion weighted MRI for quantitative Crohn\u2019s disease assessment with histopathology of surgical specimens","volume":"24","author":"Tielbeek","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"2021040703075649000_CIT0059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.26022","article-title":"T2* Mapping to characterize intestinal fibrosis in Crohn\u2019s disease","volume":"48","author":"Huang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Magn Reson Imaging"},{"key":"2021040703075649000_CIT0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1097\/MIB.0000000000001001","article-title":"Diffusion-weighted MRI enables to accurately grade inflammatory activity in patients of ileocolonic Crohn\u2019s disease: results from an observational study","volume":"23","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"key":"2021040703075649000_CIT0061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2183","DOI":"10.1093\/ibd\/izy115","article-title":"Real-time shear wave ultrasound elastography differentiates fibrotic from inflammatory strictures in patients with Crohn\u2019s disease","volume":"24","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"key":"2021040703075649000_CIT0062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2007.08.001","article-title":"Histologic inflammation is a risk factor for progression to colorectal neoplasia in ulcerative colitis: a cohort study","volume":"133","author":"Gupta","year":"2007","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2021040703075649000_CIT0063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1007\/s00428-003-0863-6","article-title":"Histopathological parameters as predictors for the course of Crohn\u2019s disease","volume":"443","author":"Bataille","year":"2003","journal-title":"Virchows Arch"},{"key":"2021040703075649000_CIT0064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1751","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.109.065466","article-title":"Prediction of the need for surgical intervention in obstructive Crohn\u2019s disease by 18F-FDG PET\/CT","volume":"50","author":"Jacene","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"key":"2021040703075649000_CIT0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2115","DOI":"10.7863\/ultra.33.12.2115","article-title":"Ultrasound shear wave elastography helps discriminate low-grade from high-grade bowel wall fibrosis in ex vivo human intestinal specimens","volume":"33","author":"Dillman","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Ultrasound Med"},{"key":"2021040703075649000_CIT0066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"G786","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00059.2012","article-title":"Animal models of intestinal fibrosis: new tools for the understanding of pathogenesis and therapy of human disease","volume":"303","author":"Rieder","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol"},{"key":"2021040703075649000_CIT0067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2080","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2011.07.013","article-title":"Non-perforating small bowel Crohn\u2019s disease assessed by MRI enterography: derivation and histopathological validation of an MR-based activity index","volume":"81","author":"Steward","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur J Radiol"},{"key":"2021040703075649000_CIT0068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1197","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultrasmedbio.2013.01.020","article-title":"Quantitative contrast-enhanced ultrasound comparison between inflammatory and fibrotic lesions in patients with Crohn\u2019s disease","volume":"39","author":"Nylund","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ultrasound Med Biol"}],"container-title":["Journal of Crohn's and Colitis"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ecco-jcc\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjz178\/32085107\/jjz178.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ecco-jcc\/article-pdf\/14\/6\/743\/36939099\/eccojc_14_6_743.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ecco-jcc\/article-pdf\/14\/6\/743\/36939099\/eccojc_14_6_743.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,7]],"date-time":"2021-04-07T03:08:36Z","timestamp":1617764916000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ecco-jcc\/article\/14\/6\/743\/5716253"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,27]]},"references-count":68,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,27]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,9]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjz178","relation":{},"ISSN":["1873-9946","1876-4479"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1873-9946","type":"print"},{"value":"1876-4479","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,27]]}}}