{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T05:21:47Z","timestamp":1776403307682,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":89,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]],"date-time":"2025-11-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762905600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Canada Research Chair on Women\u2019s Valvular and Heart Health"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Sex differences in valvular heart disease (VHD) represent an emerging focus in cardiovascular imaging, with implications spanning aetiology, pathophysiology, chamber remodelling, and prognosis. This review aims to illustrate how multimodality imaging can be applied to address sex-specific differences in VHD, with the goal of improving disease grading, staging of extra-valvular cardiac damage, and risk stratification across the whole VHD spectrum.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjci\/jeaf311","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,8]],"date-time":"2025-11-08T12:56:49Z","timestamp":1762606609000},"page":"85-103","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The importance of sex differences in valvular heart disease from an imaging point of view"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1103-2203","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paolo","family":"Springhetti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie, Universit\u00e9 Laval , 2725, chemin Sainte-Foy A-2047, G1V4G5, Qu\u00e9bec (QC) ,","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS , Milan ,","place":["Italy"]}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0360-4363","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana G","family":"Almeida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine of Lisbon University, Heart and Vessels Department, Cardiology, University Hospital Santa Maria, CCUL@RISE, CAML , Lisbon ,","place":["Portugal"]}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2514-3668","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Denisa","family":"Muraru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS , Milan ,","place":["Italy"]},{"name":"Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca , Milan ,","place":["Italy"]}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8924-740X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marie-Annick","family":"Clavel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie, Universit\u00e9 Laval , 2725, chemin Sainte-Foy A-2047, G1V4G5, Qu\u00e9bec (QC) ,","place":["Canada"]}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026021604515324700_jeaf311-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.121.319914","article-title":"Sex differences and similarities in valvular heart disease","volume":"130","author":"DesJardin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"2026021604515324700_jeaf311-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1378","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjci\/jew288","article-title":"Impact of left ventricular remodelling patterns on outcomes in patients with aortic stenosis","volume":"18","author":"Capoulade","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"2026021604515324700_jeaf311-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2683","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehab242","article-title":"Impact of sex on the management and outcome of aortic stenosis patients","volume":"42","author":"Bienjonetti-Boudreau","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2026021604515324700_jeaf311-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617705","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2020.617705","article-title":"Gender-related differences in heart failure biomarkers","volume":"7","author":"Cediel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Cardiovasc Med"},{"key":"2026021604515324700_jeaf311-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2016","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2014.02.581","article-title":"B-type natriuretic peptide clinical activation in aortic stenosis: impact on long-term survival","volume":"63","author":"Clavel","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2026021604515324700_jeaf311-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1297","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.06.047","article-title":"Association of B-type natriuretic peptide with survival in patients with degenerative mitral regurgitation","volume":"68","author":"Clavel","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2026021604515324700_jeaf311-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4237","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13144237","article-title":"Sex differences in aortic stenosis: from the pathophysiology to the intervention, current challenges, and future perspectives","volume":"13","author":"Springhetti","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"2026021604515324700_jeaf311-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2320","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehaf076","article-title":"Sex-related differences in prosthesis-patient mismatch after surgical aortic valve replacement and long-term outcomes","volume":"46","author":"Springhetti","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2026021604515324700_jeaf311-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ihj.2014.03.010","article-title":"Incidence and patterns of valvular heart disease in a tertiary care high-volume cardiac center: a single center experience","volume":"66","author":"Manjunath","year":"2014","journal-title":"Indian Heart J"},{"key":"2026021604515324700_jeaf311-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102287","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaccas.2024.102287","article-title":"Diagnostic contexts of echocardiographic nonapical window","volume":"29","author":"Springhetti","year":"2024","journal-title":"JACC Case Rep"},{"key":"2026021604515324700_jeaf311-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100254","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacadv.2023.100254","article-title":"Prognostic implications of discordant low-gradient severe aortic stenosis: comprehensive analysis of a large multicenter registry","volume":"2","author":"de Azevedo","year":"2023","journal-title":"JACC Adv"},{"key":"2026021604515324700_jeaf311-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2645","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehw096","article-title":"Low-gradient aortic stenosis","volume":"37","author":"Clavel","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2026021604515324700_jeaf311-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjci\/jev043","article-title":"A prospective, double-blind, randomized controlled trial of the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor Ramipril In Aortic Stenosis (RIAS trial)","volume":"16","author":"Bull","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"2026021604515324700_jeaf311-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e017913","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCIMAGING.124.017913","article-title":"Sex-specific impact of angiotensin receptor blockers on the progression of aortic stenosis in patients with hypertension: results from the HYTAS study","volume":"18","author":"Demers","year":"2025","journal-title":"Circ Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"2026021604515324700_jeaf311-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"934","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2015-308742","article-title":"Echocardiographic predictors of outcomes in adults with aortic stenosis","volume":"102","author":"Capoulade","year":"2016","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"2026021604515324700_jeaf311-B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1897","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.02.065","article-title":"Transvalvular flow, sex, and survival after valve replacement surgery in patients with severe aortic stenosis","volume":"75","author":"Guzzetti","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2026021604515324700_jeaf311-B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjci\/jeab045","article-title":"Sex differences in transaortic flow rate and association with all-cause mortality in patients with severe aortic stenosis","volume":"22","author":"Saeed","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"2026021604515324700_jeaf311-B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(02)02764-X","article-title":"Discrepancies between catheter and Doppler estimates of valve effective orifice area can be predicted from the pressure recovery phenomenon: practical implications with regard to quantification of aortic stenosis severity","volume":"41","author":"Garcia","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2026021604515324700_jeaf311-B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2019.04.065","article-title":"Staging cardiac damage in patients with asymptomatic aortic valve stenosis","volume":"74","author":"Tastet","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2026021604515324700_jeaf311-B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjci\/jeae040","article-title":"Peak atrial longitudinal strain and risk stratification in moderate and severe aortic stenosis","volume":"25","author":"Springhetti","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"2026021604515324700_jeaf311-B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"908","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjci\/jeaf035","article-title":"A novel staging system of cardiac damage in aortic stenosis based on multi-chamber myocardial deformation","volume":"26","author":"Tomaselli","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"2026021604515324700_jeaf311-B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2023.06.006","article-title":"Sex differences in the progression and long-term outcomes of native mild to moderate aortic stenosis","volume":"17","author":"Hariri","year":"2024","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"2026021604515324700_jeaf311-B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1440","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjci\/jeaf182","article-title":"Native aortic stenosis progression: a focus on sex differences","volume":"26","author":"Springhetti","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"2026021604515324700_jeaf311-B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2329","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2013.08.1621","article-title":"The complex nature of discordant severe calcified aortic valve disease grading: new insights from combined Doppler-echocardiographic and computed tomographic study","volume":"62","author":"Clavel","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2026021604515324700_jeaf311-B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCIMAGING.123.016267","article-title":"Aortic valve calcification density measured by MDCT in the assessment of aortic stenosis severity","volume":"17","author":"Powers","year":"2024","journal-title":"Circ Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"2026021604515324700_jeaf311-B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1202","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2014.05.066","article-title":"Impact of aortic valve calcification, as measured by MDCT, on survival in patients with aortic stenosis: results of an international registry study","volume":"64","author":"Clavel","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2026021604515324700_jeaf311-B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e007146","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCIMAGING.117.007146","article-title":"Computed tomography aortic valve calcium scoring in patients with aortic stenosis","volume":"11","author":"Pawade","year":"2018","journal-title":"Circ Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"2026021604515324700_jeaf311-B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjci\/jeab116","article-title":"Validation of aortic valve calcium quantification thresholds measured by computed tomography in Asian patients with calcific aortic stenosis","volume":"23","author":"Guzzetti","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"2026021604515324700_jeaf311-B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100027","DOI":"10.1016\/j.shj.2022.100027","article-title":"Computed tomography aortic valve calcium scoring in patients with bicuspid aortic valve stenosis","volume":"6","author":"Shen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Struct Heart"},{"key":"2026021604515324700_jeaf311-B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1351","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2024.06.007","article-title":"Quantitative computed tomography angiography for the evaluation of valvular fibrocalcific volume in aortic stenosis","volume":"17","author":"Lembo","year":"2024","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"2026021604515324700_jeaf311-B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjci\/jeae324","article-title":"Prognostic value of myocardial computed tomography-derived extracellular volume in severe aortic stenosis requiring aortic valve replacement: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"26","author":"Faggiano","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"2026021604515324700_jeaf311-B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1023","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2024.06.017","article-title":"Dobutamine stress echocardiography in low-gradient aortic stenosis","volume":"37","author":"Mogensen","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Am Soc Echocardiogr"},{"key":"2026021604515324700_jeaf311-B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjci\/jez201","article-title":"Aortic valve replacement-induced changes in native T1 are related to prognosis in severe aortic stenosis: T1 mapping cardiac magnetic resonance imaging study","volume":"21","author":"Hwang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"2026021604515324700_jeaf311-B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2024.5593","article-title":"Sex-specific association of myocardial fibrosis with mortality in patients with aortic stenosis","volume":"10","author":"Kwak","year":"2025","journal-title":"JAMA Cardiol"},{"key":"2026021604515324700_jeaf311-B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2019.06.014","article-title":"Sex-related differences in the extent of myocardial fibrosis in patients with aortic valve stenosis","volume":"13","author":"Tastet","year":"2020","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"2026021604515324700_jeaf311-B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjci\/jeac089","article-title":"Comprehensive myocardial characterization using cardiac magnetic resonance associates with outcomes in low gradient severe aortic stenosis","volume":"24","author":"Fukui","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"2026021604515324700_jeaf311-B37","first-page":"417","article-title":"Sex and regional differences in myocardial plasticity in aortic stenosis are revealed by 3D model machine learning","volume":"21","author":"Bhuva","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"2026021604515324700_jeaf311-B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1051","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.82.3.1051","article-title":"Aortic regurgitation. A lesion with similarities to both aortic stenosis and mitral regurgitation","volume":"82","author":"Carabello","year":"1990","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026021604515324700_jeaf311-B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1953","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2023.08.051","article-title":"Imaging methods for evaluation of chronic aortic regurgitation in adults: JACC state-of-the-art review","volume":"82","author":"Ranard","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2026021604515324700_jeaf311-B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2022.10.009","article-title":"Recommendations for the use of echocardiography in the evaluation of rheumatic heart disease: a report from the American society of echocardiography","volume":"36","author":"Pandian","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Am Soc Echocardiogr"},{"key":"2026021604515324700_jeaf311-B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1885","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2023.03.001","article-title":"Influence of cardiac remodeling on clinical outcomes in patients with aortic regurgitation","volume":"81","author":"Malahfji","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2026021604515324700_jeaf311-B42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2020.11.033","article-title":"Sex differences in outcomes of patients with chronic aortic regurgitation: closing the mortality gap","volume":"96","author":"Yang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"2026021604515324700_jeaf311-B43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1474","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2023.02.037","article-title":"Impact of age and sex on left ventricular remodeling in patients with aortic regurgitation","volume":"81","author":"Akintoye","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2026021604515324700_jeaf311-B44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2024.04.007","article-title":"Longitudinal assessment of left atrial remodeling in patients with chronic severe aortic regurgitation","volume":"17","author":"Akintoye","year":"2024","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"2026021604515324700_jeaf311-B45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1283","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjci\/jeaf120","article-title":"Influence of age and sex on left ventricular remodeling in chronic aortic regurgitation","volume":"26","author":"Hanet","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"2026021604515324700_jeaf311-B46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehae525","article-title":"Sex-related differences in the clinical course of aortic root and ascending aortic aneurysms: the DisSEXion study","volume":"46","author":"Notenboom","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2026021604515324700_jeaf311-B47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2019-315320","article-title":"Sex-specific distributions and determinants of thoracic aortic diameters in the elderly","volume":"106","author":"Bons","year":"2020","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"2026021604515324700_jeaf311-B48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101023","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacadv.2024.101023","article-title":"Impact of sex on severity assessment and cardiac remodeling in primary mitral regurgitation","volume":"3","author":"Altes","year":"2024","journal-title":"JACC Adv"},{"key":"2026021604515324700_jeaf311-B49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjci\/jeae246","article-title":"Degenerative mitral stenosis by echocardiography: presentation and outcome","volume":"26","author":"Batista","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"2026021604515324700_jeaf311-B50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1431","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehaf050","article-title":"Baseline characteristics and outcomes of rheumatic mitral valve disease: the EURObservational research programme valvular heart disease II survey","volume":"46","author":"Abdelhamid","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2026021604515324700_jeaf311-B51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"612716","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2020.612716","article-title":"Rheumatic heart valve disease pathophysiology and underlying mechanisms","volume":"7","author":"Passos","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Cardiovasc Med"},{"key":"2026021604515324700_jeaf311-B52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1126","DOI":"10.4244\/EIJ-E-21-00009","article-title":"2021 ESC\/EACTS guidelines for the management of valvular heart disease","volume":"17","author":"Vahanian","year":"2022","journal-title":"EuroIntervention"},{"key":"2026021604515324700_jeaf311-B53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e010736","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.118.010736","article-title":"Low-gradient severe mitral stenosis: hemodynamic profiles, clinical characteristics, and outcomes","volume":"8","author":"Sabbagh A","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"2026021604515324700_jeaf311-B54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e018124","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCIMAGING.125.018124","article-title":"Long-term follow-up in severe mitral stenosis with low transmitral diastolic pressure gradient: from MASTER registry","volume":"18","author":"Cho","year":"2025","journal-title":"Circ Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"2026021604515324700_jeaf311-B55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e018514","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.120.018514","article-title":"Surgical and transcatheter mitral valve replacement in mitral annular calcification: a systematic review","volume":"10","author":"Alexis","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"2026021604515324700_jeaf311-B56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199907013410101","article-title":"Prevalence and clinical outcome of mitral-valve prolapse","volume":"341","author":"Freed","year":"1999","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026021604515324700_jeaf311-B57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"952","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.118.034075","article-title":"Mitral valve prolapse, ventricular arrhythmias, and sudden death","volume":"140","author":"Basso","year":"2019","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026021604515324700_jeaf311-B58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2307","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1806640","article-title":"Transcatheter mitral-valve repair in patients with heart failure","volume":"379","author":"Stone","year":"2018","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026021604515324700_jeaf311-B59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1450","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjci\/jead199","article-title":"Incidence, risk factors, and outcomes of atrial functional mitral regurgitation in patients with atrial fibrillation or sinus rhythm","volume":"24","author":"Naser","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"2026021604515324700_jeaf311-B60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2023.10.033","article-title":"Sex-specific prognosis of left ventricular size and function following repair of degenerative mitral regurgitation","volume":"83","author":"Abadie","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2026021604515324700_jeaf311-B61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1118","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjci\/jeae072","article-title":"Sex differences in left atrial volumes, mechanics, and stiffness in primary mitral regurgitation\u2014a combined 2D and 3D echocardiographic study","volume":"25","author":"Berg-Hansen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"2026021604515324700_jeaf311-B62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjci\/jeae053","article-title":"European association of cardiovascular imaging survey on the evaluation of mitral regurgitation","volume":"25","author":"Holte","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"2026021604515324700_jeaf311-B63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.5761\/atcs.oa.22-00210","article-title":"Sex differences in the outcomes of degenerative mitral valve repair","volume":"29","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"2026021604515324700_jeaf311-B64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.220454","article-title":"Myocardial fibrosis at cardiac MRI helps predict adverse clinical outcome in patients with mitral valve prolapse","volume":"306","author":"Figliozzi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"2026021604515324700_jeaf311-B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","author":"Tastet","DOI":"10.1101\/2024.01.12.24301217"},{"key":"2026021604515324700_jeaf311-B66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2015.07.013","article-title":"Prevalence and correlates of mitral annular calcification in adults with chronic kidney disease: results from CRIC study","volume":"242","author":"Abd Alamir","year":"2015","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"2026021604515324700_jeaf311-B67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1429","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjci\/jeaf151","article-title":"Sex differences in pre- and post-surgical left ventricular remodeling and outcomes in degenerative mitral regurgitation","volume":"26","author":"Uretsky","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"2026021604515324700_jeaf311-B68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2018.06.014","article-title":"Burden of tricuspid regurgitation in patients diagnosed in the community setting","volume":"12","author":"Topilsky","year":"2019","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"2026021604515324700_jeaf311-B69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1876","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra2216709","article-title":"Tricuspid regurgitation","volume":"388","author":"Hahn","year":"2023","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026021604515324700_jeaf311-B70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2021.02.016","article-title":"Sex-specific differences in etiology and prognosis in patients with significant tricuspid regurgitation","volume":"147","author":"Dietz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"2026021604515324700_jeaf311-B71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"838","DOI":"10.1016\/j.recesp.2025.02.005","article-title":"Advanced echocardiography and cluster analysis to identify secondary tricuspid regurgitation phenogroups at different risk","volume":"78","author":"Badano","year":"2025","journal-title":"Rev Esp Cardiol (Engl Ed)"},{"key":"2026021604515324700_jeaf311-B72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2249","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines12102249","article-title":"Sex-specific insights into etiology, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis in significant tricuspid regurgitation: a narrative review","volume":"12","author":"Paiva","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"2026021604515324700_jeaf311-B73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13374","DOI":"10.1111\/eci.13374","article-title":"Rheumatic heart disease anno 2020: impacts of gender and migration on epidemiology and management","volume":"50","author":"Mutagaywa","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Invest"},{"key":"2026021604515324700_jeaf311-B74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehae088","article-title":"Atrial secondary tricuspid regurgitation: pathophysiology, definition, diagnosis, and treatment","volume":"45","author":"Muraru","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2026021604515324700_jeaf311-B75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcin.2023.01.378","article-title":"Sex-related differences in clinical characteristics and outcome prediction among patients undergoing transcatheter tricuspid valve intervention","volume":"16","author":"Fortmeier","year":"2023","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Interv"},{"key":"2026021604515324700_jeaf311-B76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2020.06.018","article-title":"Sex-related differences in the mechanism of functional tricuspid regurgitation","volume":"30","author":"Gual-Capllonch","year":"2021","journal-title":"Heart Lung Circ"},{"key":"2026021604515324700_jeaf311-B77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e017638","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCIMAGING.124.017638","article-title":"3D echocardiographic and CMR imaging for the assessment of right ventricular function and tricuspid regurgitation severity","volume":"18","author":"Doldi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Circ Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"2026021604515324700_jeaf311-B78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2020.09.003","article-title":"Characteristics and significance of tricuspid valve prolapse in a large multidecade echocardiographic study","volume":"34","author":"Lorinsky","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Am Soc Echocardiogr"},{"key":"2026021604515324700_jeaf311-B79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2018.10.035","article-title":"3-dimensional echocardiography in imaging the tricuspid valve","volume":"12","author":"Muraru","year":"2019","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"2026021604515324700_jeaf311-B80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2019.01.006","article-title":"Multimodality imaging of the tricuspid valve and right heart anatomy","volume":"12","author":"Khalique","year":"2019","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"2026021604515324700_jeaf311-B81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"746","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2024.01.009","article-title":"Cardiovascular magnetic resonance reference ranges from the healthy hearts consortium","volume":"17","author":"Raisi-Estabragh","year":"2024","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"2026021604515324700_jeaf311-B82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjci\/jeac224","article-title":"Prognostic value of functional tricuspid regurgitation quantified by cardiac magnetic resonance in heart failure","volume":"24","author":"Seo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"2026021604515324700_jeaf311-B83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcct.2023.01.043","article-title":"Tricuspid valve anatomy of massive to torrential tricuspid regurgitation: computed tomography analysis","volume":"17","author":"Sugiura","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Comput Tomogr"},{"key":"2026021604515324700_jeaf311-B84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1177\/30494826251330128","article-title":"Multiple and mixed valvular heart disease: state-of-the-art","volume":"2","author":"de Vesvrotte","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Heart Valve Soc"},{"key":"2026021604515324700_jeaf311-B85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3818","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehae523","article-title":"Sex-related differences in severe native valvular heart disease: the ESC-EORP valvular heart disease II survey","volume":"45","author":"Mascherbauer","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2026021604515324700_jeaf311-B86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e017598","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCIMAGING.124.017598","article-title":"Severe mitral regurgitation in paradoxical low-flow, low-gradient severe aortic stenosis","volume":"18","author":"Dahan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Circ Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"2026021604515324700_jeaf311-B87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.05.051","article-title":"Concomitant mitral regurgitation in patients with chronic aortic regurgitation","volume":"76","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2026021604515324700_jeaf311-B88","first-page":"e49815","article-title":"Sex differences in infective endocarditis: a systematic review","volume":"15","author":"Slouha","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"issue":"2Part B","key":"2026021604515324700_jeaf311-B89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cjco.2023.10.017","article-title":"Unique aspects of women\u2019s valvular heart diseases: impact for diagnosis and treatment","volume":"6","author":"Powers","year":"2024","journal-title":"CJC open"}],"container-title":["European Heart Journal - Cardiovascular Imaging"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ehjcimaging\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/ehjci\/jeaf311\/65272668\/jeaf311.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ehjcimaging\/article-pdf\/27\/2\/85\/65272668\/jeaf311.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ehjcimaging\/article-pdf\/27\/2\/85\/65272668\/jeaf311.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]],"date-time":"2026-02-16T09:52:08Z","timestamp":1771235528000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ehjcimaging\/article\/27\/2\/85\/8321339"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]]},"references-count":89,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,9]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ehjci\/jeaf311","relation":{},"ISSN":["2047-2404","2047-2412"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2047-2404","type":"print"},{"value":"2047-2412","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]]}}}