{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]],"date-time":"2026-01-23T19:43:06Z","timestamp":1769197386347,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,18]],"date-time":"2020-09-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1600387200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100019189","name":"Bayer Portugal","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100019189","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100003090","name":"Lda","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100003090","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This article sought to estimate the burden of disease attributable to atherosclerosis in mainland Portugal in 2016.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods and results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The burden of atherosclerosis was measured in disability-adjusted life years following the latest 2010 Global Burden of Disease (GBD) methodology. Disability-adjusted life years were estimated as the sum of years of life lost (YLL) with years lived with disability (YLD). The following clinical manifestations of atherosclerosis were included: ischaemic heart disease (IHD) (including acute myocardial infarction, stable angina, and ischaemic heart failure), ischaemic cerebrovascular disease (ICVD), and peripheral arterial disease (PAD). Years of life lost were estimated based on all-cause mortality data for the Portuguese population and mortality due to IHD, ICVD, and PAD for the year 2016 sourced from national statistics. Standard life expectancy was sourced from the GBD study. Years lived with disability corresponded to the product of the number of prevalent cases by an average disability weight for all possible combinations of disease. Prevalence data for the different clinical manifestations of atherosclerosis were sourced from epidemiological studies. Disability weights were sourced from the published literature. In 2016, 15\u2009123 deaths were attributable to atherosclerosis, which corresponded to 14.3% of overall mortality in mainland Portugal. Disability-adjusted life years totalled 260\u2009943, 75% due to premature death (196\u2009438 YLL) and 25% due to disability (64\u2009505 YLD).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Atherosclerosis entails a high disease burden to society. A large part of this burden would be avoidable if evidence-based effective and cost-effective interventions targeting known risk factors, from prevention to treatment, were implemented.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjqcco\/qcaa060","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,5]],"date-time":"2020-08-05T04:07:04Z","timestamp":1596600424000},"page":"154-162","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["The burden of atherosclerosis in Portugal"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5831-4921","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Costa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Estudos de Medicina Baseada na Evid\u00eancia (CEMBE), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Farmacologia Cl\u00ednica e Terap\u00eautica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Joana","family":"Alarc\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Estudos de Medicina Baseada na Evid\u00eancia (CEMBE), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Francisco","family":"Araujo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servi\u00e7o de Medicina, Hospital Beatriz \u00c2ngelo, Av. Carlos Teixeira 3, 2674-514 Loures, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Raquel","family":"Ascen\u00e7\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Estudos de Medicina Baseada na Evid\u00eancia (CEMBE), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Instituto de Medicina Preventiva, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Centro Cardiovascular da Universidade de Lisboa e Centro Acad\u00e9mico de Medicina de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2520-5673","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Caldeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Farmacologia Cl\u00ednica e Terap\u00eautica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Centro Cardiovascular da Universidade de Lisboa e Centro Acad\u00e9mico de Medicina de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Fiorentino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Estudos de Medicina Baseada na Evid\u00eancia (CEMBE), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Victor","family":"Gil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidade Cardiovascular, Hospital dos Lus\u00edadas, R. Ab\u00edlio Mendes 12, 1500-458 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Departamento de Medicina, Centro Cardiovascular da Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Departamento de Medicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Alameda Prof. Hern\u00e2ni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Miguel","family":"Gouveia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Estudos Aplicados, Cat\u00f3lica Lisbon School of Business and Economics, Universidade Cat\u00f3lica Portuguesa, Palma de Cima, 1649-023 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Francisco","family":"Louren\u00e7o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Estudos de Medicina Baseada na Evid\u00eancia (CEMBE), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Alberto","family":"Mello e Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sociedade Portuguesa de Aterosclerose, Av. Jos\u00e9 Malhoa, n.\u00ba 2, 1070-158 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5540-9853","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Filipa","family":"Sampaio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Estudos de Medicina Baseada na Evid\u00eancia (CEMBE), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala Biomedical Centre, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, 751 22 Uppsala, Sweden"}]},{"given":"Ant\u00f3nio","family":"Vaz Carneiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Estudos de Medicina Baseada na Evid\u00eancia (CEMBE), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Instituto de Sa\u00fade Baseada na Evid\u00eancia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. 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