{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,4]],"date-time":"2025-06-04T04:08:40Z","timestamp":1749010120369,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":83,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,28]],"date-time":"2024-11-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1732752000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Racial and ethnic minorities have been disproportionally burdened by hospitalization and death due to COVID-19. Participation of individuals of diverse races and ethnicities in clinical trials, according to study-level characteristics of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that test effectiveness of COVID-19 drugs, could be insightful for future researchers. Our objective for this scoping review was to describe the frequency of race and ethnicity reported as demographic variables and specific reporting of race and ethnicity according to COVID-19 RCT characteristics. We conducted comprehensive searches in PubMed, ProQuest, World Health Organization Database, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and gray literature via preprint servers from January 1, 2020, to May 4, 2022. We included RCTs on emergency- or conditionally approved COVID-19 drug interventions (remdesivir, baricitinib, and molnupiravir) with or without comparators. Self-reported race as American Indian\/Pacific Islander, Asian, Black\/African American, or White, ethnicity as Hispanic\/Latinx, study design characteristics, and participant-relevant data were collected. In total, 17 RCTs with 17\u2009935 participants were included. Most (n\u00a0=\u00a013; 76%) reported at least 1 race and ethnicity and were US-based, industry-funded RCTs. Asian, Black, Latinx, and White participants were mostly enrolled in RCTs that studied remdesivir. Native American and Hawaiian participants were mostly assessed for progression to high-flow oxygen\/noninvasive ventilation. Time to recovery was assessed predominantly in Black and White participants, whereas hospitalization or death was mostly assessed in Asian, Latinx, and multirace participants. Trialists should be aware of RCT-level factors and characteristics that may be associated with low participation of racial and ethnic minorities, which could inform evidence-based interventions to increase minority participation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/epirev\/mxae006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,14]],"date-time":"2024-12-14T08:09:41Z","timestamp":1734163781000},"page":"1-14","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Reporting of participant race and ethnicity from COVID-19 randomized controlled drug and biologicals trials: a scoping review"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"47","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5524-1723","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shelly Melissa","family":"Prani\u0107","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, University of Split School of Medicine , 21000 Split ,","place":["Croatia"]},{"name":"Cochrane Croatia , 21000 Split ,","place":["Croatia"]}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7151-8363","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Dulce","family":"Estev\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health, University of Algarve , Faro, Faro District, 8005-139,","place":["Portugal"]}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1776-6304","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lenny T","family":"Vasanthan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physiotherapy Unit, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Department , Christian Medical College, Vellore, 632004,","place":["India"]}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0190-7272","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iv\u00e1n","family":"P\u00e9rez-Neri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurochemistry, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery Manuel Velasco Su\u00e1rez , Insurgentes Sur 3877, La Fama, Tlalpan, 14269, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico,","place":["Mexico"]}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4613-8430","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anika","family":"Pulumati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine , Kansas City, MO ,","place":["United States"]}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9620-8775","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"F\u00e1bio Antonio Serra","family":"de Lima Junior","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Ci\u00eancias M\u00e9dicas, Universidade Federal da Para\u00edba (Federal University of Para\u00edba), \u00a0 Jo\u00e3o Pessoa, Castelo Branco, PB , 58051-900,","place":["Brazil"]}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5184-0881","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Narges","family":"Malih","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Health Research Group, University of the Balearic Islands , 07122 Palma ,","place":["Spain"]},{"name":"Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , 1983969411 Tehran ,","place":["Iran"]}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1426-0340","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vinayak","family":"Mishra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Liverpool , Liverpool , L69 7ZX,","place":["United Kingdom"]}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9775-361X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jacqueline","family":"Thompson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Birmingham , Edgbaston, Birmingham , B15 2TT,","place":["United Kingdom"]}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8432-9377","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Nnate","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Liverpool , Liverpool , L69 7ZX,","place":["United 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