{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,11]],"date-time":"2024-09-11T04:44:55Z","timestamp":1726029895355},"reference-count":90,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,22]],"date-time":"2020-06-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1592784000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>We provide a natural resource explanation for the divergence of the Portuguese economy relative to other European countries before the Second World War. First, we demonstrate that a lack of domestic resources meant that Portugal experienced limited and unbalanced growth during the age of steam. Imports of coal were prohibitively expensive for inland areas. Coastal areas industrialized through steam but were constrained by limited demand from the interior. Second, we show that after the First World War, when other coal-poor countries turned to hydro-power, Portugal relied on coal-based thermal-power, creating a vicious circle of high-energy prices and labor-intensive industrialization.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/ereh\/heaa003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,23]],"date-time":"2020-06-23T11:33:39Z","timestamp":1592912019000},"page":"85-105","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Without coal in the age of steam and dams in the age of electricity: an explanation for the failure of Portugal to industrialize before the Second World War"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Sofia Teives","family":"Henriques","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Economic History, Lund University, Sweden"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Sharp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Business and Economics, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark, CAGE, CEPR"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021020610352138300_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511816680","volume-title":"The British Industrial Revolution in Global Perspective","author":"Allen","year":"2009"},{"key":"2021020610352138300_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1111\/ehr.12606","article-title":"A monetary plethora and what to do with it: The Bank of Portugal during the Second World War and the postwar period (1931\u201360)","volume":"71","author":"Amaral","year":"2017","journal-title":"Economic History Review"},{"key":"2021020610352138300_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1017\/S0212610900000938","article-title":"Electricidade e crescimento econ\u00f3mico. 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