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Study aims were to describe baseline features, 1-year follow-up, and baseline predictors of outcome in clinically suspected or biopsy-proven myocarditis (2013 European Society of Cardiology criteria) in adult and paediatric patients from the EURObservational Research Programme Cardiomyopathy and Myocarditis Long-Term Registry.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Five hundred eighty-one (68.0% male) patients, 493 adults, median age 38 (27\u201352) years, and 88 children, aged 8 (3\u201313) years, were divided into 3 groups: Group 1 (n = 233), clinically suspected myocarditis with abnormal cardiac magnetic resonance; Group 2 (n = 222), biopsy-proven myocarditis; and Group 3 (n = 126) clinically suspected myocarditis with normal or inconclusive or no cardiac magnetic resonance. Baseline features were analysed overall, in adults vs. children, and among groups. One-year outcome events included death\/heart transplantation, ventricular assist device (VAD) or implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) implantation, and hospitalization for cardiac causes.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Endomyocardial biopsy, mainly right ventricular, had a similarly low complication rate in children and adults (4.7% vs. 4.9%, P = NS), with no procedure-related death. A classical myocarditis pattern on cardiac magnetic resonance was found in 31.3% of children and in 57.9% of adults with biopsy-proven myocarditis (P &amp;lt; .001). At 1-year follow-up, 11\/410 patients (2.7%) died, 7 (1.7%) received a heart transplant, 3 underwent VAD (0.7%), and 16 (3.9%) underwent ICD implantation. Independent predictors at diagnosis of death or heart transplantation or hospitalization or VAD implantation or ICD implantation at 1-year follow-up were lower left ventricular ejection fraction and the need for immunosuppressants for new myocarditis diagnosis refractory to non\u2013aetiology-driven therapy.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Endomyocardial biopsy was safe, and cardiac magnetic resonance using Lake Louise criteria was less sensitive, particularly in children. Virus-negative lymphocytic myocarditis was predominant both in children and adults, and use of immunosuppressive treatments was low. Lower left ventricular ejection fraction and the need for immunosuppressants at diagnosis were independent predictors of unfavourable outcome events at 1 year.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehae169","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,10]],"date-time":"2024-04-10T03:31:53Z","timestamp":1712719913000},"page":"2548-2569","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Endomyocardial biopsy: safety and prognostic utility in paediatric and adult myocarditis in the European Society of Cardiology EURObservational Research Programme Cardiomyopathy and Myocarditis Long-Term Registry"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"45","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4901-5655","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alida L P","family":"Caforio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology, Department of Cardiological, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova , Via N Giustiniani, 2, Padova 35100 , Italy"}]},{"given":"Juan P","family":"Kaski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology, University College London and Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children , London , UK"}]},{"given":"Juan R","family":"Gimeno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiac Department, Hospital Cl\u00ednico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca , Murcia , Spain"}]},{"given":"Perry M","family":"Elliott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London and St. Bartholomew\u2019s Hospital , London , UK"}]},{"given":"Cecile","family":"Laroche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"European Society of Cardiology, EURObservational Research Programme , Biot , France"}]},{"given":"Luigi","family":"Tavazzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GVM Care& Research, Maria Cecilia Hospital , Cotignola , Italy"}]},{"given":"Michal","family":"Tendera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology and Structural Heart Disease, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia , Katowice , Poland"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital\/\u00d6stra Hospital, Gothenburg University , Gothenburg , Sweden"}]},{"given":"Simone","family":"Sala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Myocarditis Unit, Department of Cardiac Electrophysiology and Arrhythmology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute , Milan , Italy"}]},{"given":"Petar M","family":"Seferovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Heart Failure Center, Faculty of Medicine, Belgrade University Medical Center , Belgrade , Serbia"}]},{"given":"Tiina","family":"Heli\u00f6","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart and Lung Center, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki , Helsinki , Finland"}]},{"given":"Leonardo","family":"Cal\u00f2","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Policlinico Casilino , Roma , Italy"}]},{"given":"Olga","family":"Blagova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"V.N. 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