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Obesity is relapsing, progressive, and heterogeneous. It is considered a chronic disease by the World Obesity Federation (WOF) and a chronic condition by the World Heart Federation (WHF). People living with overweight\/obesity are at greater risk for cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality. Increased adiposity (body fat), particularly visceral\/abdominal fat, is linked to CV risk and CV disease (CVD) via multiple direct and indirect pathophysiological mechanisms. The development of CVD is driven, in part, by obesity-related metabolic, endocrinologic, immunologic, structural, humoral, haemodynamic, and functional alterations. The complex multifaceted nature of these mechanisms can be challenging to understand and address in clinical practice. People living with obesity and CVD often have concurrent chronic physical or psychological disorders (multimorbidity) requiring multidisciplinary care pathways and polypharmacy. Evidence indicates that intentional weight loss (particularly when substantial) lowers CVD risk among people with overweight\/obesity. Long-term weight loss and maintenance require ongoing commitment from both the individual and those responsible for their care. This position paper, developed by the WOF and the WHF, aims to improve understanding of the direct and indirect links between overweight\/obesity and CVD, the key controversies in this area and evidence relating to cardiometabolic outcomes with available weight management options. Finally, an action plan for clinicians provides recommendations to help in identifying and addressing the risks of obesity-related CVD (recognizing resource and support variances between countries).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjpc\/zwac187","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,25]],"date-time":"2022-08-25T18:27:38Z","timestamp":1661452058000},"page":"2218-2237","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":290,"title":["Obesity and cardiovascular disease: mechanistic insights and management strategies. A joint position paper by the World Heart Federation and World Obesity Federation"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5788-9734","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco","family":"Lopez-Jimenez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, MN , USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0312-9910","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wael","family":"Almahmeed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi , United Arab Emirates"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9912-1408","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Harold","family":"Bays","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Louisville Metabolic and Atherosclerosis Research Center , Louisville, KY , USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8248-9716","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ada","family":"Cuevas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Advanced Metabolic Medicine and Nutrition (CAMMYN), School of Medicine University Finis Terrae , Santiago , Chile"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8776-6719","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emanuele","family":"Di Angelantonio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge , Cambridge , UK"},{"name":"Health Data Science Centre, Human Technopole , Milan , Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5521-5445","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carel W","family":"le Roux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diabetes Complications Research Centre, University College Dublin , Dublin , Ireland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1604-2593","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Naveed","family":"Sattar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow , Glasgow , UK"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7504-8995","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marie Chan","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Mauritius , Mauritius"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6818-6065","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gary","family":"Wittert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Freemasons Centre for Male Health and Wellbeing, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide , Adelaide , Australia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8034-4529","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fausto J","family":"Pinto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universit\u00e1rio Lisboa Norte, CAML, CCUL, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa , Lisbon , Portugal"},{"name":"Office of the President, World Heart Federation , Geneva , Switzerland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2839-8404","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John P H","family":"Wilding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, Clinical Sciences Centre, Aintree University Hospital , Liverpool , UK"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022120714553021000_zwac187-B1"},{"key":"2022120714553021000_zwac187-B2"},{"key":"2022120714553021000_zwac187-B3"},{"key":"2022120714553021000_zwac187-B4"},{"key":"2022120714553021000_zwac187-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.12551","article-title":"Obesity: a chronic relapsing progressive disease process. 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