{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T09:50:42Z","timestamp":1791366642336,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791331200000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research in Japan","award":["16H05252"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["16H05252"]}]},{"name":"Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research in Japan","award":["24K02718"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["24K02718"]}]},{"name":"Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research in Japan","award":["24K23771"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["24K23771"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100016924","name":"National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20-4-9"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20-4-9"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100016924","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100016924","name":"National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["23-B-9"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23-B-9"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100016924","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100020237","name":"Japan Health Research Promotion Bureau","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019-(1)-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019-(1)-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100020237","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100020237","name":"Japan Health Research Promotion Bureau","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2024-B-05"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024-B-05"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100020237","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002241","name":"Japan Science and Technology Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JPMJPF2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JPMJPF2018"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002241","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003478","name":"Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare of Japan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20FA1002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20FA1002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003478","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004312","name":"Eli Lilly and Company","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004312","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The aim of this study was to investigate the long-term association between lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] and the longitudinal continuum of carotid atherosclerosis, from initial plaque formation to progression to carotid stenosis, in a prospective study of a general Japanese population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We studied 3272 participants in the Suita Study (mean age: 58.0 \u00b1 11.5 years; 57.9% women) who were free of cardiovascular disease and carotid plaque at baseline (1995\u20132004). Follow-up carotid ultrasonography was performed biennially until June 2016. Incident carotid plaque was defined as a maximal intima\u2013media thickness (IMT) \u2265 1.7\u2005mm in the entire carotid artery. Progression from plaque to stenosis was defined as \u226550% stenosis in participants who developed plaques. We employed Cox proportional hazards models for incident plaques, linear mixed-effects models for annual IMT changes, and logistic regression for progression to stenosis. During a median follow-up of 11.5 years, 1432 participants developed carotid plaques. Compared with Lp(a) &amp;lt; 15\u2005mg\/dL, the multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio for incident plaque was 1.27 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.01\u20131.61] for Lp(a) \u2265 50\u2005mg\/dL. Participants with Lp(a) \u2265 50\u2005mg\/dL had significantly accelerated annual progression of maximal IMT (\u03b2 = 0.014\u2005mm\/year; 95% CI, 0.003\u20130.025) compared with those with Lp(a) &amp;lt; 15\u2005mg\/dL. Furthermore, high Lp(a) levels were associated with progression to \u226550% carotid stenosis (multivariable-adjusted odds ratio, 2.29; 95% CI, 1.15\u20134.57).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Elevated Lp(a) levels (\u2265 50\u2005mg\/dL) were associated with the longitudinal continuum of carotid atherosclerosis, from plaque initiation to advanced stenosis. These findings suggest that high Lp(a) levels serve as a robust marker for long-term cardiovascular risk accumulation, highlighting the importance of screening and potential targeted interventions in individuals with Lp(a) \u2265 50\u2005mg\/dL.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjpc\/zwag443","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,22]],"date-time":"2026-08-22T11:44:48Z","timestamp":1787399088000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Lipoprotein(a) and the continuum of carotid atherosclerosis from plaque initiation to luminal stenosis: the Suita Study"],"prefix":"10.1093","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2318-2447","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Masayuki","family":"Teramoto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Cardiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center , 6-1, Kishibe-Shinmachi, Suita, Osaka 564-8565 ,","place":["Japan"]},{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University , Chicago, IL ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0705-9449","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yoshihiro","family":"Kokubo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Cardiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center , 6-1, Kishibe-Shinmachi, Suita, Osaka 564-8565 ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-2739-9609","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuka","family":"Kato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Cardiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center , 6-1, Kishibe-Shinmachi, Suita, Osaka 564-8565 ,","place":["Japan"]},{"name":"Division of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Osaka , Suita ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sakura","family":"Shinohara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Cardiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center , 6-1, Kishibe-Shinmachi, Suita, Osaka 564-8565 ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paramita","family":"Khairan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Cardiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center , 6-1, Kishibe-Shinmachi, Suita, Osaka 564-8565 ,","place":["Japan"]},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Muhammadiyah Jakarta , Jakarta ,","place":["Indonesia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoko M","family":"Nakao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Cardiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center , 6-1, Kishibe-Shinmachi, Suita, Osaka 564-8565 ,","place":["Japan"]},{"name":"Department of Pharmacoepidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine and Public Health, Kyoto University , Kyoto ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Masui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Cardiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center , 6-1, Kishibe-Shinmachi, Suita, Osaka 564-8565 ,","place":["Japan"]},{"name":"Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Osaka , Suita ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4217-9497","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kanako","family":"Teramoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center , Suita ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masatoshi","family":"Koga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cerebrovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center , Suita ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroharu","family":"Kataoka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center , Suita ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026100705014060000_zwag443-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3925","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehac361","article-title":"Lipoprotein(a) in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and aortic stenosis: a European Atherosclerosis Society consensus statement","volume":"43","author":"Kronenberg","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur Heart 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