{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T20:04:48Z","timestamp":1792785888248,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789516800000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001825","name":"Danish Agency for Science and Higher Education","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["09-067009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["09-067009"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001825","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001825","name":"Danish Agency for Science and Higher Education","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["09-075724"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["09-075724"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001825","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007324","name":"Danish Health and Medicines Authority","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007324","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100018940","name":"Danish Diabetes Association","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100018940","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100024075","name":"Region of Southern Denmark","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100024075","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009708","name":"Novo Nordisk Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NNF17SA0030962"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NNF17SA0030962"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009708","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009708","name":"Novo Nordisk Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NNF2000063292"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NNF2000063292"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009708","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009708","name":"Novo Nordisk Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NNF-17SA0030364"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NNF-17SA0030364"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009708","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Novo Nordisk A\/S","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0435rc536","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to investigate the prospective associations of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumour necrosis factor-\u03b1 (TNF-\u03b1), and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) levels with major adverse cardiac event (MACE) and mortality in individuals recently diagnosed with type 2 diabetes and without prevalent cardiovascular disease (CVD).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We included 7630 individuals recently diagnosed with type 2 diabetes (median duration 0.9 years) with a median age of 60 years (44% females). Individuals with prevalent CVD (n = 1390) were excluded from the primary analyses modelling Fine-Gray subdistribution hazard regressions accounting for competing risk of non-CVD death and adjusting for classical risk factors (e.g. diabetes duration, smoking, alcohol, physical activity, waist circumference, LDL cholesterol, haemoglobin A1c, systolic blood pressure, estimated glomerular filtration rate, and pharmacological treatment). Subsequently, we evaluated the predictive ability of adding low-grade inflammation to a model containing classical risk factors. Median follow-up time was 9 years. A 1-SD increase in log-IL-6 (1.98\u2005pg\/mL), log-TNF-\u03b1 (1.40\u2005pg\/mL) and log-hsCRP (3.28\u2005mg\/L) was associated with HRs of 1.16 (95% CI 1.09, 1.23), 1.01 (0.95, 1.08), and 1.16 (1.09, 1.25) for MACE and 1.38 (1.31, 1.45), 1.16 (1.10, 1.22), and 1.34 (1.25, 1.43) for all-cause mortality, respectively. Prediction of both MACE and all-cause mortality was slightly improved by adding IL-6 and hsCRP to the model alongside classical risk factors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Low-grade inflammation was associated with MACE and all-cause mortality, independently of classical risk factors, in individuals recently diagnosed with type 2 diabetes and without prevalent CVD. Despite improved predictive ability of IL-6 and hsCRP, the absolute improvement was sparse.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Lay Summary<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Higher levels of chronic inflammation were associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality in individuals recently diagnosed with type 2 diabetes and without known cardiovascular disease.Especially, IL-6 and hsCRP were associated with a higher risk of myocardial infarction, ischaemic stroke, coronary revascularization, and heart failure hospitalizationOverall, chronic inflammation was a better predictor of mortality than non-fatal cardiovascular events<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjpc\/zwag495","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T11:15:17Z","timestamp":1789384517000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Low-grade inflammation predicts major cardiovascular events and mortality in recently diagnosed type 2 diabetes: a Danish nationwide cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1093","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3128-1875","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sidsel L","family":"Domazet","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Steno Diabetes Center Odense, Odense University Hospital , Odense ,","place":["Denmark"]},{"name":"Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark , Odense ,","place":["Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-3386-2360","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alaa","family":"Sharfo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Holb\u00e6k Hospital , Holb\u00e6k ,","place":["Denmark"]},{"name":"Steno Diabetes Center Zealand, Holb\u00e6k Hospital , Holb\u00e6k ,","place":["Denmark"]},{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen ,","place":["Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1464-7342","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas B","family":"Olesen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Steno Diabetes Center Odense, Odense University Hospital , Odense ,","place":["Denmark"]},{"name":"Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark , Odense ,","place":["Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2711-5927","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jacob V","family":"Stidsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Steno Diabetes Center Odense, Odense University Hospital , Odense ,","place":["Denmark"]},{"name":"Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark , Odense ,","place":["Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3179-1186","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jens S","family":"Nielsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Steno Diabetes Center Odense, Odense University Hospital , Odense ,","place":["Denmark"]},{"name":"Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark , Odense ,","place":["Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9135-3474","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Reimar W","family":"Thomsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University , Aarhus ,","place":["Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5613-7274","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Niels","family":"Jessen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital , Aarhus ,","place":["Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9046-2967","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter","family":"Vestergaard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Steno Diabetes Center North, Aalborg University Hospital , Aalborg ,","place":["Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8227-1469","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mette K","family":"Andersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen ,","place":["Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8748-3831","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Torben","family":"Hansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen ,","place":["Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6653-9020","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Charlotte","family":"Br\u00f8ns","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Herlev Hospital , Herlev ,","place":["Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3690-2191","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Allan A","family":"Vaag","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Herlev Hospital , Herlev ,","place":["Denmark"]},{"name":"Lund University, Lund University Diabetes Centre , Malm\u00f6 ,","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2230-5780","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael H","family":"Olsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, 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