{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T21:32:24Z","timestamp":1770154344847,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,18]],"date-time":"2021-08-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1629244800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":17,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Government of the Russian Federation"},{"name":"WHO European Office for the Prevention"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Physical inactivity is a major risk factor for non-communicable diseases. However, recent and systematically obtained national-level data to guide policy responses are often lacking, especially in countries in Eastern Europe and Central Asia. This article describes physical inactivity patterns among adults in Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Kyrgyzstan, Republic of Moldova, Tajikistan, Turkey and Uzbekistan.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Data were collected using the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire drawing nationally representative samples of adults in each country. The national prevalence of physical inactivity was calculated as well as the proportional contribution to total physical activity (PA) during work, transport and leisure-time. An adjusted logistic regression model was applied to analyze the association of age, gender, education, household status and income with physical inactivity.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>National prevalence of physical inactivity ranged from 10.1% to 43.6%. The highest proportion of PA was registered during work or in the household in most countries, whereas the lowest was during leisure-time in all countries. Physical inactivity was more likely with older age in eight countries, with female gender in three countries, and with living alone in three countries. There was no clear pattern of association with education and income.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Prevalence of physical inactivity is heterogeneous across the region. PA during leisure-time contributes minimally to total PA in all countries. Policies and programs that increase opportunities for active travel and leisure-time PA, especially for older adults, women and people living alone will be an essential part of strategies to increase overall population PA.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/eurpub\/ckab028","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,10]],"date-time":"2021-03-10T04:14:32Z","timestamp":1615349672000},"page":"846-853","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Physical inactivity in nine European and Central Asian countries: an analysis of national population-based survey results"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3652-0708","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephen","family":"Whiting","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"WHO European Office for the Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases, Moscow, Russian Federation"},{"name":"EPIUnit\u2014Instituto de Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Romeu","family":"Mendes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"WHO European Office for the Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases, Moscow, Russian Federation"},{"name":"EPIUnit\u2014Instituto de Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Karim","family":"Abu-Omar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sport Science and Sport, FAU, Erlangen, Germany"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Gelius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sport Science and Sport, FAU, Erlangen, Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8455-3328","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Crispo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, Napoli, Italy"}]},{"given":"Karen","family":"McColl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"WHO European Office for the Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases, Moscow, Russian Federation"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3929-4934","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Phillipa","family":"Simmonds","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"WHO European Office for the Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases, Moscow, Russian Federation"}]},{"given":"Natalia","family":"Fedkina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"WHO European Office for the Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases, Moscow, Russian Federation"}]},{"given":"Dianne","family":"Andreasyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Health, National Health Information Analytic Centre, National Institute of Health, Yerevan, Armenia"}]},{"given":"Hagverdiyev","family":"Gahraman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health and Reforms Center of the Ministry of Health, Baku, Azerbaijan"}]},{"given":"Tatyana","family":"Migal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Care Organization of the Ministry of Health, Minsk, Belarus"}]},{"given":"Lela","family":"Sturua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Disease Control and Public Health, Tbilisi, Georgia"}]},{"given":"Galina","family":"Obreja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova"}]},{"given":"Zulfinissio","family":"Abdurakhmanova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Republican Nutrition Center, Dushanbe, Tajikistan"}]},{"given":"Ibraeva Nurgul","family":"Saparkulovna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Organization of Medical Care and Medicines Policy, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan"}]},{"given":"Toker","family":"Erguder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"WHO Country Office in Turkey, Ankara, Turkey"}]},{"given":"Banu","family":"Ekinci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"General Directorate of Public Health, Ministry of Health, Ankara, Turkey"}]},{"given":"Bekir","family":"Keskinkilic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"General Directorate of Public Health, Ministry of Health, Ankara, Turkey"}]},{"given":"Shukhrat","family":"Shukurov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Bureau for the implementation of the Health-3 project, Tashkent, Uzbekistan"}]},{"given":"Rustam","family":"Yuldashev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Bureau for the implementation of the Health-3 project, Tashkent, Uzbekistan"}]},{"given":"Nino","family":"Berdzuli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"WHO Regional Office for Europe, Copenhagen, 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