{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T16:16:37Z","timestamp":1776269797228,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,16]],"date-time":"2023-03-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1678924800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>COVID-19 affected testing for HIV, viral hepatitis and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) worldwide. We aimed to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on community-based voluntary, counselling and testing (CBVCT) services for those infections in the WHO European Region.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>An online survey was distributed between 14 October and 13 November 2020 to testing providers in the WHO European Region. Key questions included: impact on testing volume, reasons for this impact, measures to mitigate, economic effects, areas where guidance or support were needed. A descriptive analysis on data reported by CBVCT services was performed.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In total, 71 CBVCT services from 28 countries completed the survey. From March to May 2020, compared to the same period in 2019, most respondents reported a very major decrease (&amp;gt;50%) in the volume of testing for all the infections, ranging from 68% (Chlamydia) to 81% (HCV), and testing levels were not recovered during post-confinement. Main reasons reported were: site closure during lockdown (69.0%), reduced attendance and fewer appointments scheduled (66.2%), reduced staff (59.7%), and testing only by appointment (56.7%). Measures implemented to mitigate the decreased testing were remote appointments (64.8%), testing by appointment (50.7%), referral to other sites (33.8%), testing campaigns (35.2%) and promotion of self-testing (36.6%). Eighty-two percent of respondents reported a need for guidance\/support.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Results suggest that people attending CBVCT services experienced reductions in access to testing compared to before the pandemic. National governmental agencies need to support European CBVCT services to ensure recovery of community counselling and testing.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/eurpub\/ckad010","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,16]],"date-time":"2023-03-16T20:55:54Z","timestamp":1679000154000},"page":"528-535","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on community-based testing for HIV, viral hepatitis and sexually transmitted infections in the WHO European Region, March to August 2020"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6353-3942","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Fern\u00e0ndez-L\u00f3pez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Department, Centre of Epidemiological Studies of HIV\/AIDS and STI of Catalonia (CEEISCAT) , Badalona, Spain"},{"name":"CIBER Epidemiolog\u00eda y Salud P\u00fablica (CIBERESP) , Madrid, Spain"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Sim\u00f5es","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica da Universidade do Porto , Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Coalition PLUS , Paris, France"}]},{"given":"Jordi","family":"Casabona","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Department, Centre of Epidemiological Studies of HIV\/AIDS and STI of Catalonia (CEEISCAT) , Badalona, Spain"},{"name":"CIBER Epidemiolog\u00eda y Salud P\u00fablica (CIBERESP) , Madrid, Spain"}]},{"name":"The EuroTEST COVID-19 Impact Assessment Consortium of Partners","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Anastasia","family":"Pharris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Winter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ann K","family":"Sullivan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ann-Isabelle","family":"von Lingen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Annemarie","family":"RinderStengaard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Antons","family":"Mozalevskis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Cary","family":"James","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Casper","family":"Rokx","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Agust\u00ed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Daria","family":"Alexeeva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Dorthe","family":"Raben","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Erika","family":"Duffell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Giorgi","family":"Kuchukhidze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"J\u00fcrgen K","family":"Rockstroh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Justyna D","family":"Kowalska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Kristi","family":"R\u00fc\u00fctel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Lara","family":"Tavoschi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Lauren","family":"Combs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Magnus","family":"Unemo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Buti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Krone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Nicole","family":"Seguy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Otilia","family":"Mardh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Soudeh","family":"Ehsani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Teymur","family":"Noori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Valerie","family":"Delpech","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023060120113739200_ckad010-B1","volume-title":"HIV\/AIDS Surveillance in Europe 2020 \u2013 2019 Data [Internet].","author":"European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control WHO Regional Office for Europe","year":"2020"},{"key":"2023060120113739200_ckad010-B2","volume-title":"Monitoring the responses to hepatitis B and C epidemics in EU\/EEA Member States, 2019 [Internet]","author":"European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control","year":"2020"},{"key":"2023060120113739200_ckad010-B3","author":"World Health Organisation"},{"key":"2023060120113739200_ckad010-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2022-055455","article-title":"Sexual transmission of infections across Europe: appraising the present, scoping the future","volume":"98","author":"Geretti","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sex Transm Infect"},{"key":"2023060120113739200_ckad010-B5","author":"European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control","year":"2018"},{"key":"2023060120113739200_ckad010-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1132","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(20)30288-6","article-title":"Potential impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on HIV, tuberculosis, and malaria in low-income and middle-income countries: a modelling study","volume":"8","author":"Hogan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Heal [Internet]"},{"key":"2023060120113739200_ckad010-B7","volume-title":"COVID-19 and HIV: 1 MOMENT 2 EPIDEMICS 3 OPPORTUNITIES [Internet]","author":"Joint United Nations Programme on HIV\/AIDS","year":"2020"},{"key":"2023060120113739200_ckad010-B8","author":"ECDC"},{"key":"2023060120113739200_ckad010-B9","author":"European AIDS Treatment Group","year":"2020"},{"key":"2023060120113739200_ckad010-B10","author":"World Health Organization"},{"key":"2023060120113739200_ckad010-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1186\/s12981-021-00335-1","article-title":"COVID-19 and HIV infection co-pandemics and their impact: a review of the literature","volume":"18","author":"Gatechompol","year":"2021","journal-title":"AIDS Res Ther"},{"key":"2023060120113739200_ckad010-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1001496","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001496","article-title":"Towards universal voluntary HIV testing and counselling: a systematic review and meta-analysis of community-based approaches","volume":"10","author":"Suthar","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"2023060120113739200_ckad010-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S77","DOI":"10.1038\/nature16044","article-title":"Systematic review and meta-analysis of community and facility-based HIV testing to address linkage to care gaps in sub-Saharan Africa","volume":"528","author":"Sharma","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nature [Internet]"},{"key":"2023060120113739200_ckad010-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1111\/hiv.12807","article-title":"HIV testing strategies outside of health care settings in the European Union (EU)\/European Economic Area (EEA): a systematic review to inform European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control guidance","volume":"21","author":"Croxford","year":"2020","journal-title":"HIV Med"},{"key":"2023060120113739200_ckad010-B15","author":"European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control"},{"key":"2023060120113739200_ckad010-B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1080\/09540121.2016.1146218","article-title":"The COBATEST network: a platform to perform monitoring and evaluation of HIV community-based testing practices in Europe and conduct operational research","volume":"28","author":"Fern\u00e0ndez-L\u00f3pez","year":"2016","journal-title":"AIDS Care [Internet]"},{"key":"2023060120113739200_ckad010-B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1111\/hiv.12592","article-title":"The COBATEST network: monitoring and evaluation of HIV community-based practices in Europe, 2014\u20132016","volume":"19","author":"Fern\u00e0ndez-L\u00f3pez","year":"2018","journal-title":"HIV Med"},{"key":"2023060120113739200_ckad010-B18","volume-title":"The Impact of COVID-19 on Civil Society Organisations in Eastern Europe and Central Asia: Results of a Regional Survey. [Internet]","author":"AFEW International","year":"2020"},{"key":"2023060120113739200_ckad010-B19","author":"EuroTEST"},{"key":"2023060120113739200_ckad010-B20","first-page":"2001943","article-title":"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on testing services for HIV, viral hepatitis and sexually transmitted infections in the WHO European Region, March to August 2020","volume":"25","author":"Sim\u00f5es","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eurosurveillance [Internet]"},{"key":"2023060120113739200_ckad010-B21","author":"Public Health England","year":"2020"},{"key":"2023060120113739200_ckad010-B22","article-title":"Sexually transmitted infection diagnoses and access to a sexual health service before and after the national lockdown for COVID-19 in Melbourne, Australia","volume":"8","author":"Chow","year":"2021","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect Dis [Internet]"},{"key":"2023060120113739200_ckad010-B23","article-title":"Trend of main STIs during COVID-19 pandemic in Milan, Italy","author":"Cusini","journal-title":"Sex Transm Infect 2021; 97(2):99. [Internet]"},{"key":"2023060120113739200_ckad010-B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciab445","article-title":"Significant impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) care in hospitals affecting the first pillar of the HIV care continuum","volume":"74","author":"Hensley","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis [Internet]"},{"key":"2023060120113739200_ckad010-B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1097\/COH.0000000000000672","article-title":"Potential and demonstrated impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on sexually transmissible infections: republication","volume":"16","author":"Ogunbodede","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr Opin HIV AIDS"},{"key":"2023060120113739200_ckad010-B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2020-054805","article-title":"Reporting of sexually transmitted infections during the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"97","author":"Crane","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sex Transm Infect"},{"key":"2023060120113739200_ckad010-B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e288","DOI":"10.1016\/S2589-7500(20)30101-1","article-title":"Remote shared care delivery: a virtual response to COVID-19","volume":"2","author":"Ramdas","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Digit Heal [Internet]"},{"key":"2023060120113739200_ckad010-B28"},{"key":"2023060120113739200_ckad010-B29","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2021"},{"key":"2023060120113739200_ckad010-B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1322","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7038a2","article-title":"Increasing access to HIV testing through direct-to-consumer HIV self-test distribution \u2014 United States, March 31, 2020\u2013March 30, 2021","volume":"70","author":"Hecht","year":"2021","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"2023060120113739200_ckad010-B31","first-page":"1","article-title":"COVID-19 pandemic disrupts HIV continuum of care and prevention: implications for research and practice concerning community-based organizations and frontline providers","volume":"24","author":"Pinto","year":"2020","journal-title":"AIDS Behav [Internet]"},{"key":"2023060120113739200_ckad010-B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"790","DOI":"10.1111\/hiv.13235","article-title":"The impact of COVID-19 on HIV testing in the UK\u2019s first fast-track HIV city","volume":"23","author":"Wenlock","year":"2022","journal-title":"HIV Med [Internet]"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/eurpub\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/eurpub\/ckad010\/49549896\/ckad010.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/eurpub\/article-pdf\/33\/3\/528\/50503949\/ckad010.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/eurpub\/article-pdf\/33\/3\/528\/50503949\/ckad010.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,2]],"date-time":"2023-06-02T20:21:10Z","timestamp":1685737270000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/eurpub\/article\/33\/3\/528\/7079111"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,16]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,16]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/eurpub\/ckad010","relation":{},"ISSN":["1101-1262","1464-360X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1101-1262","type":"print"},{"value":"1464-360X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,16]]}}}