{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,7]],"date-time":"2026-03-07T19:01:54Z","timestamp":1772910114885,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,22]],"date-time":"2024-05-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1716336000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia"},{"name":"CHRC","award":["UIDP\/04923\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/04923\/2020"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006662","name":"NIHR","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006662","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Global Health Research Centre on NCDs and Environmental Change","award":["NIHR203247"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIHR203247"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Changing dietary patterns is essential to reducing the substantial environment impact of agriculture and food production systems. We performed a cross-country comparison of dietary patterns and their associated environmental impact in Europe, including by sociodemographic factors.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We analyzed pooled cross-sectional dietary records collected during 2010\u201318 from 10 European countries using the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) Comprehensive European Food Database (16\u2009508 adults; aged 18\u201379\u2009years). Each food consumed was mapped to the corresponding environmental impact data using the SHARP Indicators Database, which provides greenhouse gas emission (GHGE) and land use (LU) values of approximately 900 foods. Total diet-associated environmental impact was calculated for each person and averaged across multiple days. Multivariable linear regression models were used to compare diet-associated GHGE and LU between population subgroups (gender, age, education and diet type) with country-level fixed effects.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The mean dietary GHGE and LU per capita ranged from 4.0 kgCO2\/day and 5.0 m2*year\/day in Spain to 6.5 kgCO2eq\/day and 8.2 m2*year\/day in France. Diet-related GHGE and LU (per kg\/food) were lower among females (2.6 kgCO2eq\/day, B = \u22120.08, P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.01; 3.2 m2*year\/day, B = \u22120.11, P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.01), older population aged 66\u201379 (2.6 kgCO2eq\/day, B = \u22120.03, P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.01; 3.4 m2*year\/day, B = \u22120.4, P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.01), people following vegetarian diets (1.7 kgCO2eq\/day, B = \u22120.07, P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.01; 2.0 m2*year\/day, B = \u22120.07, P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.01), and higher among individuals with secondary education (2.7 kgCO2eq\/day, B\u2009=\u20090.05, P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.01; 3.6 m2*year\/day, B = \u22120.05, P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.01).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Environmental footprints vary substantially across countries, dietary patterns and between different sociodemographic groups in Europe. These findings are crucial for the development of country-specific food policies aimed at promoting environmentally sustainable diets.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/eurpub\/ckae088","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,22]],"date-time":"2024-05-22T20:32:53Z","timestamp":1716409973000},"page":"992-1000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Environmental impact of dietary patterns in 10 European countries; a cross-sectional analysis of nationally representative dietary surveys"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0437-2827","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ricardo","family":"Alves","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"NOVA National School of Public Health, Public Health Research Centre, Comprehensive Health Research Center, CHRC, NOVA University Lisbon , Lisbon,","place":["Portugal"]}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6634-9000","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julian","family":"Perelman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NOVA National School of Public Health, Public Health Research Centre, Comprehensive Health Research Center, CHRC, NOVA University Lisbon , Lisbon,","place":["Portugal"]}]},{"given":"Kiara","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Imperial College London, Public Health Policy Evaluation Unit , London,","place":["UK"]}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Millett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NOVA National School of Public Health, Public Health Research Centre, Comprehensive Health Research Center, CHRC, NOVA University Lisbon , Lisbon,","place":["Portugal"]},{"name":"School of Public Health, Imperial College London, Public Health Policy Evaluation Unit , London,","place":["UK"]}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024092717494021900_ckae088-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)31788-4","article-title":"Food in the anthropocene: the EAT\u2013lancet commission on healthy diets from sustainable food systems","volume":"393","author":"Willett","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2024092717494021900_ckae088-B2","author":"IPCC"},{"key":"2024092717494021900_ckae088-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e786","DOI":"10.1016\/S2542-5196(21)00250-3","article-title":"Co-benefits from sustainable dietary shifts for population and environmental health: an assessment from a large European cohort study","volume":"5","author":"Laine","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Planet Health"},{"key":"2024092717494021900_ckae088-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2022.133155","article-title":"A 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