{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]],"date-time":"2026-04-06T15:45:35Z","timestamp":1775490335304,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,6]],"date-time":"2019-06-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1559779200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"SILNE-R project","award":["European Commission"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["European Commission"]}]},{"name":"Horizon2020 programme"},{"name":"Call PHC6-2014","award":["635056"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["635056"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Schools have a crucial role to play in preventing youth smoking. However, the well-known long-term health consequences of youth smoking may be insufficient to convince education stakeholders to devote efforts to implement school-based programmes. However, if youth smoking were to have short-term consequences, this evidence could prompt education stakeholders\u2019 action. In this article, we investigate the link between smoking and school absenteeism.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We used data from the 2011 wave of the European School Survey Project on Alcohol and Other Drugs, on adolescents aged 15\u201316. We applied logistic models to assess the risk of more than 3 missed school days, by cause, as function of smoking intensity, adjusting for age, sex, socioeconomic status, academic performance, parental involvement and other risk behaviours (alcohol and cannabis consumption). Consistency was assessed by replicating the analyses for each sex and age group and further adjusting for depression and self-esteem.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Smoking more than five cigarettes per day was significantly linked to school absenteeism, with a 55% excess risk of missing more than 3 school days per month due to illness (OR = 1.55, 95% CI 1.46\u20131.64), and a more than two times excess risk due to skipping (OR = 2.29; 95% CI 2.16\u20132.43). These findings were consistent across age and sex groups.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We observed an association between smoking intensity and absenteeism among youth in Europe. This implies that, to the extent that this association is causal, school tobacco control policies may reduce the short-term consequences of smoking on adolescents\u2019 education and health.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/eurpub\/ckz110","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,13]],"date-time":"2019-05-13T07:08:55Z","timestamp":1557731335000},"page":"778-784","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Smoking and school absenteeism among 15- to 16-year-old adolescents: a cross-section analysis on 36 European countries"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Julian","family":"Perelman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica, Escola Nacional de Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Teresa","family":"Le\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Escola Nacional de Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Anton E.","family":"Kunst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"2019072614004153500_ckz110-B1","volume-title":"Preventing Tobacco Use among Youth and Young Adults: A Report of the Surgeon General","year":"2012"},{"key":"2019072614004153500_ckz110-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1111\/add.14057","article-title":"Trends in age of smoking initiation in the Netherlands: a shift towards older ages?","volume":"113","author":"Nuyts","year":"2018","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"2019072614004153500_ckz110-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2015.06.024","article-title":"New methods shed light on age of onset as a risk factor for nicotine dependence","volume":"50","author":"Lanza","year":"2015","journal-title":"Addict Behav"},{"key":"2019072614004153500_ckz110-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2016.12.009","article-title":"Impact of age at smoking initiation on smoking-related morbidity and all-cause mortality","volume":"53","author":"Choi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med"},{"key":"2019072614004153500_ckz110-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/961724","article-title":"Impact of tobacco control interventions on smoking initiation, cessation, and prevalence: a systematic review","volume":"2012","author":"Wilson","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Environ Public Health"},{"key":"2019072614004153500_ckz110-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1136\/tobaccocontrol-2012-050846","article-title":"Anti-tobacco policy in schools: upcoming preventive strategy or prevention myth? 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