{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T12:36:44Z","timestamp":1740141404218,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,19]],"date-time":"2019-09-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1568851200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010661","name":"Horizon 2020","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["grant 635056"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["grant 635056"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010661","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Tobacco-control policies have been suggested to reduce smoking among adolescents. However, there is limited evidence on the real-world costs of implementation in different settings. In this study, we aimed at estimating the costs of school smoking bans, school prevention programmes and non-school bans (smoking bans in non-educational public settings, bans on sales to minors and bans on point-of-sale advertising), implemented in Finland, Ireland, the Netherlands, Belgium, Germany, Italy and Portugal, for 2016.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We retrospectively collected costs related to the inspection, monitoring and sanctioning activities related to bans and educational activities related to smoking prevention programmes. We used an \u2018ingredients-based\u2019 approach, identifying each resource used, quantity and unit value for one full year, under the state perspective. Costs were measured at national, regional, local and school-level and were informed by data on how these activities were performed in reality.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Purchasing power parities adjusted-costs varied between \u20ac0.02 and \u20ac0.74 (average \u20ac0.24) per person (pp) for bans implemented outside schools. Mean costs of school smoking bans ranged from \u20ac3.31 to \u20ac34.76 (average \u20ac20.60), and mean costs of school educational programmes from \u20ac0.75 to \u20ac4.65 (average \u20ac2.92).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>It is feasible to estimate costs of health policies as implemented in different settings. Costs of the tobacco control policies evaluated here depend mainly on the number of person-hours allocated to their implementation, and on the scale of intervention. Non-school bans presented the lowest costs, and the implementation of all policies cost up to \u20ac36 pp for 1 year.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/eurpub\/ckz150","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,22]],"date-time":"2019-08-22T11:36:13Z","timestamp":1566473773000},"page":"374-379","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Cost of youth tobacco-control policies in seven European countries"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7364-0100","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Teresa","family":"Le\u00e3o","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica, Escola Nacional de Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa"},{"name":"Public Health Unit, Local Health Unit of Matosinhos, Matosinhos, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Julian","family":"Perelman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica, Escola Nacional de Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa"}]},{"given":"Luke","family":"Clancy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Tobacco Free Research Institute, Dublin, Ireland"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Hoffmann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Sociology, Faculty of Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2772-7969","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jaana M","family":"Kinnunen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Tampere University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Unit of Health Sciences, Tampere, Finland"}]},{"given":"Nora","family":"M\u00e9lard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Health and Society, Universit\u00e9 Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1156-658X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paulien A W","family":"Nuyts","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}]},{"given":"Matthias","family":"Richter","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Sociology, Faculty of Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany"}]},{"given":"Arja","family":"Rimpel\u00e4","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Tampere University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Unit of Health Sciences, Tampere, Finland"},{"name":"Department of Adolescent Psychiatry, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland"}]},{"given":"Vincent","family":"Lorant","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Health and Society, Universit\u00e9 Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium"}]},{"given":"Anton E","family":"Kunst","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,18]]},"reference":[{"year":"2016","key":"2020042512555580800_ckz150-B1"},{"year":"2012","key":"2020042512555580800_ckz150-B2"},{"volume-title":"WHO MPOWER Report on the Global Tobacco Epidemic, 2017","year":"2017","key":"2020042512555580800_ckz150-B3"},{"volume-title":"Tobacco and Inequities: Guidance for Addressing Inequities in Tobacco-Related Harm","year":"2014","author":"Loring","key":"2020042512555580800_ckz150-B4"},{"year":"2010","key":"2020042512555580800_ckz150-B5"},{"year":"2008","key":"2020042512555580800_ckz150-B6"},{"year":"2013","key":"2020042512555580800_ckz150-B7"},{"key":"2020042512555580800_ckz150-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1093\/eurpub\/ckx215","article-title":"Cost-effectiveness of tobacco control policies and programmes targeting adolescents: a systematic review","volume":"28","author":"Le\u00e3o","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur J Public Health 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The cost-effectiveness of the \u2018Smoke-free Class Competition.\u2019","volume":"122","author":"Hoeflmayr","year":"2008","journal-title":"J R Inst Public Heal"},{"key":"2020042512555580800_ckz150-B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntr155","article-title":"Reducing smoking in adolescents: cost-effectiveness results from the cluster randomized assist (a stop smoking in schools trial)","volume":"14","author":"Hollingworth","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nicotine Tob Res"},{"key":"2020042512555580800_ckz150-B22","first-page":"62","article-title":"School-based smoking prevention: economic costs versus benefits","volume":"21","author":"Stephens","year":"2000","journal-title":"Chronic Dis Can"},{"year":"2009","author":"Jit","key":"2020042512555580800_ckz150-B23"},{"key":"2020042512555580800_ckz150-B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1748","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMsa1511248","article-title":"The future of public health","volume":"373","author":"Frieden","year":"2015","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"volume-title":"The Tobacco Control Scale 2016 in Europe [Internet]","year":"2016","author":"Joossens","key":"2020042512555580800_ckz150-B25"},{"key":"2020042512555580800_ckz150-B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1136\/jech-2015-205831","article-title":"School smoking policies and educational inequalities in smoking behaviour of adolescents aged 14-17 years in Europe","volume":"70","author":"Kuipers","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Epidemiol Community Health"},{"key":"2020042512555580800_ckz150-B27","first-page":"1","article-title":"Anti-tobacco policy in schools: upcoming preventive strategy or prevention myth? 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