{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T02:49:46Z","timestamp":1769914186535,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,19]],"date-time":"2020-12-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1608336000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,17]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Empathy is an essential competence in the medical field. There are no validated patient-rated empathy measures in Spanish (Spain). The Consultation and Relational Empathy (CARE) measure is a widely used patient-rated measure of physician empathy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To analyse the reliability and validity of the Spanish (Spain) version of the CARE measure in primary care.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>After translation, back translation and pilot testing, a convenient sample of 369 patients recruited through 21 primary care physicians in five primary care centres in Pamplona (Navarre, Spain) completed the Spanish (Spain) CARE (Sp-CARE) measure. The number of \u2018does not apply\u2019 or blank responses was calculated to assess acceptability. We analysed internal reliability by means of Cronbach\u2019s alpha and ordinal alpha and homogeneity with corrected item-total correlations. The construct validity was examined by confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and concurrent validity by Spearman\u2019s correlation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We observed high acceptability; only 37 (1%) responses were marked \u2018does not apply\u2019 and only 3 (0.08%) were left blank. Cronbach\u2019s alpha and ordinal alpha for the Sp-CARE measure were 0.953 and 0.970, respectively, and all corrected item-total correlations exceeded the accepted cut of 0.30, demonstrating high internal reliability and homogeneity. CFA corroborated the one-factor structure proposed in the original version. The Sp-CARE measure total score was significantly correlated with overall patient satisfaction (Spearman\u2019s rho 0.45, P &amp;lt; 0.001).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The results support the reliability and validity of the Sp-CARE measure as a patient-rated empathy measure in the primary care setting.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/fampra\/cmaa135","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,26]],"date-time":"2020-11-26T04:12:22Z","timestamp":1606363942000},"page":"353-359","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Reliability and validity of the Spanish (Spain) version of the consultation and relational empathy measure in primary care"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Loreto","family":"Garc\u00eda del Barrio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Education, School of Medicine, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Rodr\u00edguez-D\u00edez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Education, School of Medicine, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain"}]},{"given":"Raquel","family":"Mart\u00edn-Lanas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Cl\u00ednica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain"}]},{"given":"Patricio","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Life and Health Sciences Research Institute, School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Manual J","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Life and Health Sciences Research Institute, School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6564-5091","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nieves","family":"D\u00edez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Education, School of Medicine, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021061717320448600_CIT0001","volume-title":"Teaching and Learning Communication Skills in Medicine.","author":"Kurtz","year":"2005","edition":"2nd edn."},{"issue":"561","key":"2021061717320448600_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e116","DOI":"10.3399\/bjgp09X420248","article-title":"The patient-doctor relationship: a synthesis of the qualitative literature on patients\u2019 perspectives","volume":"59","author":"Ridd","year":"2009","journal-title":"Br J Gen Pract"},{"key":"2021061717320448600_CIT0003","first-page":"S9","article-title":"Empathy and quality of care","volume":"52","author":"Mercer","year":"2002","journal-title":"Br J Gen Pract"},{"issue":"7","key":"2021061717320448600_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2923.2007.02789.x","article-title":"The role of empathy in establishing rapport in the consultation: a new model","volume":"41","author":"Norfolk","year":"2007","journal-title":"Med Educ"},{"issue":"6","key":"2021061717320448600_CIT0005","first-page":"412","article-title":"A brief instrument to measure patients\u2019 overall satisfaction with primary care physicians","volume":"43","author":"Hojat","year":"2011","journal-title":"Fam Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"2021061717320448600_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1002","DOI":"10.3109\/0142159X.2013.802296","article-title":"Maintaining empathy in medical school: it is possible","volume":"35","author":"Hegazi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Med Teach"},{"issue":"8","key":"2021061717320448600_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"826","DOI":"10.1097\/MLR.0b013e31819a5acc","article-title":"Physician communication and patient adherence to treatment: a meta-analysis","volume":"47","author":"Zolnierek","year":"2009","journal-title":"Med Care"},{"issue":"3","key":"2021061717320448600_CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1097\/ACM.0b013e3182086fe1","article-title":"Physicians\u2019 empathy and clinical outcomes for diabetic patients","volume":"86","author":"Hojat","year":"2011","journal-title":"Acad Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"2021061717320448600_CIT0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1997.03540310051034","article-title":"Physician-patient communication. 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