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Its population structure has been characterized by diverse clades (A1, A2, and B (reclassified as E. lactis (Ela)), adapted to different environments, and distinguished by their resistomes and virulomes. These features only partially explain the predominance of clade A1 strains in nosocomial infections. We investigated in vitro interaction of 50 clinical isolates (clade A1 Efm) against 75 commensal faecal isolates from healthy humans (25 clade A2 Efm and 50 Ela). Only 36% of the commensal isolates inhibited clinical isolates, while 76% of the clinical isolates inhibited commensal isolates. The most apparent overall differences in inhibition patterns were presented between clades. The inhibitory activity was mainly mediated by secreted, proteinaceous, heat-stable compounds, likely indicating an involvement of bacteriocins. A custom-made database targeting 76 Bacillota bacteriocins was used to reveal bacteriocins in the genomes. Our systematic screening of the interactions between nosocomial and commensal Efm and Ela on a large scale suggests that, in a clinical setting, nosocomial strains not only have an advantage over commensal strains due to their possession of AMR genes, virulence factors, and resilience but also inhibit the growth of commensal strains.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/femsmc\/xtae009","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,10]],"date-time":"2024-03-10T00:41:36Z","timestamp":1710031296000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Interactions between commensal <i>Enterococcus faecium<\/i> and <i>Enterococcus lactis<\/i> and clinical isolates of <i>Enterococcus faecium<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"5","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8605-6296","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Theresa Maria","family":"Wagner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research group for Host-Microbe Interactions, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway , 9037 Troms\u00f8 , Norway"}]},{"given":"Anna Kaarina","family":"P\u00f6ntinen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Detection of Antimicrobial Resistance, Department of Microbiology and Infection Control, University Hospital of North Norway , 9038 Troms\u00f8 , Norway"},{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo , 0372 Oslo , Norway"}]},{"given":"Carolin Kornelia","family":"Fenzel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research group for Host-Microbe Interactions, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway , 9037 Troms\u00f8 , Norway"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Engi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research group for Host-Microbe Interactions, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway , 9037 Troms\u00f8 , Norway"}]},{"given":"Jessin","family":"Janice","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research group for Host-Microbe Interactions, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway , 9037 Troms\u00f8 , Norway"},{"name":"Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Detection of Antimicrobial Resistance, Department of Microbiology and Infection Control, University Hospital of North Norway , 9038 Troms\u00f8 , Norway"}]},{"given":"Ana C","family":"Almeida-Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UCIBIO. Departamento de Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas, Laborat\u00f3rio de Microbiologia. Faculdade de Farm\u00e1cia. Universidade do Porto , 4050-313 Porto , Portugal"},{"name":"Associate Laboratory i4HB, Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto , 4050-313 Porto , Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ana P","family":"Tedim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Group for Biomedical Research in Sepsis (BioSepsis), Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica de Salamanca , 37007 Salamanca , Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red Enfermedades Respiratorias (CiberES CB22\/06\/00035) , 28029 Madrid , Spain"}]},{"given":"Ana R","family":"Freitas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UCIBIO. Departamento de Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas, Laborat\u00f3rio de Microbiologia. Faculdade de Farm\u00e1cia. Universidade do Porto , 4050-313 Porto , Portugal"},{"name":"Associate Laboratory i4HB, Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto , 4050-313 Porto , Portugal"},{"name":"1H- TOXRUN \u2013 One Health Toxicology Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences, CESPU , 4584-116 Gandra , Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5810-8215","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lu\u00edsa","family":"Peixe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UCIBIO. Departamento de Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas, Laborat\u00f3rio de Microbiologia. Faculdade de Farm\u00e1cia. Universidade do Porto , 4050-313 Porto , Portugal"},{"name":"Associate Laboratory i4HB, Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto , 4050-313 Porto , Portugal"}]},{"given":"Willem","family":"van\u00a0Schaik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Microbiology and Infection, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham , Birmingham B15 2TT , United Kingdom"}]},{"given":"Mona","family":"Johannessen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research group for Host-Microbe Interactions, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway , 9037 Troms\u00f8 , Norway"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1314-0497","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kristin","family":"Hegstad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research group for Host-Microbe Interactions, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway , 9037 Troms\u00f8 , Norway"},{"name":"Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Detection of Antimicrobial Resistance, Department of Microbiology and Infection Control, University Hospital of North Norway , 9038 Troms\u00f8 , Norway"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024041116391241100_bib2","first-page":"001160","article-title":"The population structure of vancomycin resistant and susceptible Enterococcus faecium in a low prevalence antimicrobial resistance setting is highly influenced by circulating global hospital clones","volume":"9","author":"AL-Rubaye","year":"2023","journal-title":"Microb Genom"},{"key":"2024041116391241100_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1215","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics10101215","article-title":"Enterococcus spp. as a producer and target of bacteriocins: a double-edged sword in the antimicrobial resistance crisis 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