{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,10]],"date-time":"2025-11-10T21:08:57Z","timestamp":1762808937302,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,24]],"date-time":"2020-08-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1598227200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Domestication has resulted in immense phenotypic changes in animals despite their relatively short evolutionary history. The European rabbit is one of the most recently domesticated animals, but exhibits distinct morphological, physiological, and behavioral differences from their wild conspecifics. A previous study revealed that sequence variants with striking allele frequency differences between wild and domestic rabbits were enriched in conserved noncoding regions, in the vicinity of genes involved in nervous system development. This suggests that a large proportion of the genetic changes targeted by selection during domestication might affect gene regulation. Here, we generated RNA-sequencing data for four brain regions (amygdala, hypothalamus, hippocampus, and parietal\/temporal cortex) sampled at birth and revealed hundreds of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between wild and domestic rabbits. DEGs in amygdala were significantly enriched for genes associated with dopaminergic function and all 12 DEGs in this category showed higher expression in domestic rabbits. DEGs in hippocampus were enriched for genes associated with ciliary function, all 21 genes in this category showed lower expression in domestic rabbits. These results indicate an important role of dopamine signaling and ciliary function in the evolution of tameness during rabbit domestication. Our study shows that gene expression in specific pathways has been profoundly altered during domestication, but that the majority of genes showing differential expression in this study have not been the direct targets of selection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/gbe\/evaa158","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,20]],"date-time":"2020-08-20T19:09:50Z","timestamp":1597950590000},"page":"1918-1928","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Brain Transcriptomics of Wild and Domestic Rabbits Suggests That Changes in Dopamine Signaling and Ciliary Function Contributed to Evolution of Tameness"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9527-8253","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daiki X","family":"Sato","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala Biomedical Centre, Sweden"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3687-9745","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nima","family":"Rafati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala Biomedical Centre, Sweden"},{"name":"Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, National Bioinformatics Infrastructure Sweden (NBIS), Sweden"}]},{"given":"Henrik","family":"Ring","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala Biomedical Centre, Sweden"}]},{"given":"Shady","family":"Younis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala Biomedical Centre, Sweden"}]},{"given":"Chungang","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala Biomedical Centre, Sweden"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 A","family":"Blanco-Aguiar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIBIO\/InBIO, Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Biodiversidade e Recursos Gen\u00e9ticos, Universidade do Porto, Vair\u00e3o, Portugal"},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n en Recursos Cineg\u00e9ticos, IREC (CSIC, UCLM, JCCM), Ciudad Real, Spain"}]},{"given":"Carl-Johan","family":"Rubin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala Biomedical Centre, Sweden"}]},{"given":"Rafael","family":"Villafuerte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Estudios Sociales Avanzados (IESA-CSIC), C\u00f3rdoba, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7552-187X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Finn","family":"Hallb\u00f6\u00f6k","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala Biomedical Centre, Sweden"}]},{"given":"Miguel","family":"Carneiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIBIO\/InBIO, Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Biodiversidade e Recursos Gen\u00e9ticos, Universidade do Porto, Vair\u00e3o, Portugal"},{"name":"Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade do Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4085-6968","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leif","family":"Andersson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala Biomedical Centre, Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University"},{"name":"Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, 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