{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T07:23:31Z","timestamp":1787729011039,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,15]],"date-time":"2026-02-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771113600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Institute on Aging of the National Institutes of Health","award":["T32AG000037"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32AG000037"]}]},{"name":"National Institute on Aging of the National Institutes of Health","award":["R01AG060110"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AG060110"]}]},{"name":"National Institute on Aging of the National Institutes of Health","award":["P30AG017265"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30AG017265"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Health and Retirement Study"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NIA U01AG009740"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIA U01AG009740"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007270","name":"University of Michigan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007270","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Research suggests aging is a coordinated physiological decline occurring in multiple systems and at multiple biological levels. However, it is largely unknown how general biological aging and specific systemic aging co-occur and influence one another to affect health outcomes. There is also emerging interest in understanding how social exposures may differentially accelerate decline in individual physiological systems.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We utilize data from the Health and Retirement Study, a nationally representative sample of about 4000 US adults over age 55. We used eXtreme Gradient Boosting (xgboost) in a training subsample to create system-specific mortality risk scores based on sets of biomarkers representing biological systems (eg, brain and nervous system, adaptive immune system, cardiovascular system, renal system) as well as general multisystem aging.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Results suggest that the effects of most biological systems may be well captured by one or a small number of biomarkers and that female sex appears to be a protective or risk factor depending on specific biological system.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The importance of studying both general and system-specific aging is discussed.<\/jats:p>\n                  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